NAPA Library - Jul 20 2025

DOCUMENTATION ON THE CELLS
OF THE GENERIC NAPA LIBRARY

\Simulate\NapaDos\Net
Documentation in 'Activation\chirp.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATED CHIRP WITH SYMMETRY CONTROL

     USAGE:   node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp.net>  fmin fmax fchirp symmetry

     Output:     o
     Parameters: fmin     minimum frequency of sinewave
                 fmax     maximum frequency of sinewave
                 fchirp   frequency of the chirp
                 symmetry [0.0 .. 1.0]  symmetrical for 0.5

     Phase:      0.0 radian
     Amplitude:  1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Activation\chirp2.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATED CHIRP WITH SYMMETRY CONTROL,
      - SINEWAVE or COSINEWAVE -

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp2.net>  sine    fmin fmax fchirp symmetry
             node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp2.net>  cosine  fmin fmax fchirp symmetry

     Output:      o
     Parameters:  fmin     minimum frequency of sinewave
                  fmax     maximum frequency of sinewave
                  fchirp   frequency of the chirp
                  symmetry [0.0 .. 1.0]  symmetrical for 0.5

     Phase:       0.0 radian
     Amplitude:   1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Activation\chirp2_g.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATED -GAUSSIAN- CHIRP
      - SINEWAVE or COSINEWAVE -

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp2_g.net>  sine    fmin fmax fchirp
             node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp2_g.net>  cosine  fmin fmax fchirp

     Output:      o
     Parameters:  fmin     minimum frequency of sinewave
                  fmax     maximum frequency of sinewave
                  fchirp   frequency of the chirp

     Phase:      0.0 radian
     Amplitude:  1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Activation\chirp_g.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATED -GAUSSIAN- CHIRP

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Activation/chirp_g.net>  fmin fmax fchirp

     Output:     o
     Parameters: fmin     minimum frequency of sinewave
                 fmax     maximum frequency of sinewave
                 fchirp   frequency of the chirp

     Phase:      0.0 radian
     Amplitude:  1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Activation\pulse.net'

     PULSE WAVEFORM

     USAGE:     node  out  cell plsnam  <Activation/pulse.net>   ton tr  toff tf

     time domain normalised smooth pulse using sigmoid functions, used to build a single pulse with smooth transitions.

     trigger time:    $ton, $toff (positions of zero crossings in time domain)
     transition time: $tr, $tf    (transitions of tangents in 0.0 extended from -1 to 1)

     output range is normalised to [-1, 1]

     when $toff >> $ton :
                          _____________________
       +1                /:                   :\
                        / :                   : \
                       /  :                   :  \
                :<----/-->: $tr           $tf :<--\---->:
        0 ......:..../.............................\    :
                :   /:                             :\   :
                :  / :                             : \  :
                : /  :   tangents to the sigmoids  :  \ :
       -1  _____:/   :                             :   \:______
                     :                             :
        |----------->: $ton                        :
        |----------------------------------------->: $toff

     when $toff << $ton :
           ______                                       _______
       +1       :\                                     /:
                : \      tangents to the sigmoids     / :
                :  \                                 /  :
                :<--\---->: $tf           $tr :<----/-->:
        0 ...........\....:...................:..../
                     :\   :                   :   /:
                     : \  :                   :  / :
                     :  \ :                   : /  :
       -1            :   \:___________________:/   :
                     :                             :
        |----------->: $toff                       :
        |----------------------------------------->: $ton

Documentation in 'Activation\resonator.net'

     TWO-POLE DIGITAL ANALOG RESONATOR

     NB:  For documentation !
          Prefer the implemented in H_PREC as node 'osc' in NAPA

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Activation/resonator.net>  off ampl freq phase

        Input    off    offset
                 ampl   amplitude
                 freq   frequency      (initial definition)
                 phase  phase at init  (initial definition)
        Output   out

     EXAMPLES:

        Sine and Cosine generator:

        node s  cell  sr  <Activation/resonator.net>  0.0 1.0 1234.5  0.0
        node c  cell  cr  <Activation/resonator.net>  0.0 1.0 1234.5  _pi2_

     WARNING:

        The output could be modulated in offset and amplitude, but not in frequency nor in phase

                            weighting sum
                            ______    ____
                       x2  |      |  |    |
      +--------------------| * -1  >-|    |
      |                    |______|  |    |  x0
      |                     ______   |sum  >--+
      |                x1  |      |  |    |   |
      |                +---| * k   >-|    |   |
      |                |   |______|  |____|   |
      |    ______      |    ______            |
      |   |      |     |   |      |           |
      +--< delay |--+--+--< delay |-----------+
      x2  |______|  |  x1  |______|
                    |
                    |
                    | <-- generated sinewave of amplitude of 1 and offset of 0
                    |
                    |   ___  polynom
                    +--|   |   ___
                       | x  >-|   |              out
      ampl ------------|___|  | +  >-------------->
      off --------------------|___|

Documentation in 'Activation\sigmoid.net'

     SIGMOID WAVEFORM

     USAGE:   node out  cell plsnam <Activation/sigmoid.net>  trigtime  tr

     time domain normalised sigmoid function
     e.g. used to build a somewhat bandwidth limited step function with smooth transitions

     trigger time:    $trigtime   (position of zero crossing in time domain)
     transition time: $tr         (transition of tangent in 0.0 extended from -1 to 1)

     output range is normalised to [-1, 1]

                          _________
       +1                /:
                        / :
                       /  :
                :<----/-->: $tr
        0 ......:..../...........
                :   /:
                :  / :
                : /  :   tangent to the sigmoid
       -1  _____:/   :
                     :
       |------------>: $trigtime

Documentation in 'Activation\three_phase.net'

     Three Phase Signal Generator (Voltage, Current...)

                           O3
                            .
                            .
                            .
                            .
                            N
                         .     .
                      .           .
                   .                 .
                 O2                   O1

       Usage:    node void  cell  plsnam  <Activation/three_phase.net>  o1 o2 o3 n ampl freq phase

                 where n is the neutral input
                       o1, o2, o3 are the three phases outputs
                       ampl, freq, phase are the specified amplitude, frequency and phase

      The outputs could be modulated in amplitude, but not in frequency nor phase

Documentation in 'Activation\triangle.net'

     SYMMETRICAL TRIANGLE WAVEFORM WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Activation/triangle.net>  rst off ampl freq

Documentation in 'Adder\i1.net'

     1 INPUT  INVERTING NON DELAYING ADDER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i1.net>  k1 in1m

             in1m   non delayed input

                                            +---PHIb---+
                                            |          |
                                            |       Cs |
                                            |     ||   |
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/   Infinite gain
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

              _____
             |     |
      inm1 --| -k1  >---------> out
             |_____|

Documentation in 'Adder\i1_a.net'

     1 INPUT  INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC ADDER WITH FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i1_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m

             in1m    non delayed input

                                            +---PHIb---+
                                            |          |
                                            |       Cs |
                                            |     ||   |
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                         _______             ______________________
            +    s01m   |       |           |                      |
      in1m ---(+)-------| * -k1  >----------|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1)*mu) >--- out
               | -      |_______|       s11 |______________________|
      off -----+

Documentation in 'Adder\i2.net'

     2 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING ADDER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i2.net>  k1 in1m k2 in2m

             in1m, in2m   non delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/   Infinite gain
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

              _____
             |     |
      inm2 --| -k2  >----+
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm1 --| -k1  >---(+)---> out
             |_____|

Documentation in 'Adder\i2_a.net'

     2 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC ADDER WITH FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i2_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m k2 in2m

             in1m, in2m   non delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                         _______
            +    s02m   |       |
      in2m ---(+)-------| * -k2  >---+
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |       _________________________
            +    s01m   |       |    |      |                         |
      in1m ---(+)-------| * -k1  >--(+)-----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2)*mu) >--- out
               | -      |_______|       s11 |_________________________|
      off -----+

Documentation in 'Adder\i3.net'

     3 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING ADDER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i3.net>  k1 in1m k2 in2m k3 in3m

             in1m, in2m, in3m  non delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/   Infinite gain
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

              _____
             |     |
      inm3 --| -k3  >----+
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm2 --| -k2  >---(+)
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm1 --| -k1  >---(+)---> out
             |_____|

Documentation in 'Adder\i3_a.net'

     3 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC ADDER WITH FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i3_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m k2 in2m k3 in3m

             in1m, in2m, in3m  non delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                         _______
            +    s03m   |       |
      in3m ---(+)-------| * -k3  >---+
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |
            +    s02m   |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)-------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |       ____________________________
            +    s01m   |       |    |      |                            |
      in1m ---(+)-------| * -k1  >--(+)-----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--- out
               |  -     |_______|       s11 |____________________________|
      off -----+

Documentation in 'Adder\i4.net'

      4 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING ADDER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i4.net>  k1 in1m k2 in2m k3 in3m k4 in4m

             in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m   non delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/  Infinite gain
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

              _____
             |     |
      inm4 --| -k4  >----+
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm3 --| -k3  >---(+)
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm2 --| -k2  >---(+)
             |_____|     |
              _____      |
             |     |     |
      inm1 --| -k1  >---(+)---> out
             |_____|

Documentation in 'Adder\i4_a.net'

      4 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC ADDER WITH FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Adder/i4_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m k2 in2m k3 in3m k4 in4m

             in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m   non delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |   +---PHIb---+
                   PHIb     PHIb        |   |          |
                    |        |          |   |       Cs |
                   _|_      _|_         |   |     ||   |
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                         _______
            +    s04m   |       |
      in4m ---(+)-------| * -k4  >---+
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |
            +    s03m   |       |    |
      in3m ---(+)-------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |
            +    s02m   |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)-------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -      |_______|    |
      off -----+                     |
                         _______     |       _______________________________
            +    s01m   |       |    |      |                               |
      in1m ---(+)-------| * -k1  >--(+)-----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--- out
               | -      |_______|       s11 |_______________________________|
      off -----+

Documentation in 'Adder\_op1.dat'

     Quasi-Idealized data for the adders <Adder/i(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Adder\_op2.dat'

     Realistic data for the adders <Adder/i(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Array\10x1.dat'

      Linear array of 10x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v10..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\10x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 10x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v20..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                    v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .               ---                                                  --- x
     .                   v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\10x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 10x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                    v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .
     .               --- v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20 --- x
     .
     .                   v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\11x1.dat'

      Linear array of 11x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v11..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .              --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\11x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 11x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v22..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11
     .              ---                                                      --- x
     .                 v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\11x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 11x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v33..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11
     .
     .             --- v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22 --- x
     .
     .                 v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30  v31  v32  v33
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\12x1.dat'

      Linear array of 12x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .          --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\12x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 12x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .          ---                                                           --- x
     .             v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\12x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 12x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v36..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .         --- v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24 --- x
     .
     .             v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30  v31  v32  v33  v34  v35  v36
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\13x1.dat'

      Linear array of 13x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v13..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                |
     .                                                |
     .             ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13 --- x
     .                                                |
     .                                                |
     .                                                y

Documentation in 'Array\13x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 13x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v26..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                |
     .                                                |
     .                  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13
     .             ---                                                                 --- x
     .                 v14  v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26
     .                                                |
     .                                                |
     .                                                y

Documentation in 'Array\14x1.dat'

      Linear array of 14x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v14..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                               |
     .                                               |
     .         ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14 --- x
     .                                               |
     .                                               |
     .                                               y

Documentation in 'Array\14x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 14x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v28..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                               |
     .                                               |
     .              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14
     .         ---                                                                      --- x
     .             v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .                                               |
     .                                               |
     .                                               y

Documentation in 'Array\15x1.dat'

      Linear array of 15x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v15..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                     |
     .                                                     |
     .             ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15 --- x
     .                                                     |
     .                                                     |
     .                                                     y

Documentation in 'Array\15x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 15x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                     |
     .                                                     |
     .                  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15
     .             ---                                                                           --- x
     .                 v16  v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .                                                     |
     .                                                     |
     .                                                     y

Documentation in 'Array\16x1.dat'

      Linear array of 16x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v16..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                    |
     .                                                    |
     .         ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16 --- x
     .                                                    |
     .                                                    |
     .                                                    y

Documentation in 'Array\16x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 16x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v32..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                    |
     .                                                    |
     .              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .         ---                                                                                --- x
     .             v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30  v31  v32
     .                                                    |
     .                                                    |
     .                                                    y

Documentation in 'Array\17x1.dat'

      Linear array of 17x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v17..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .
     .                                                          |
     .                                                          |
     .               ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17 --- x
     .                                                          |
     .                                                          |
     .                                                          y

Documentation in 'Array\18x1.dat'

      Linear array of 18x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                                         |
     .                                                         |
     .         ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18 --- x
     .                                                         |
     .                                                         |
     .                                                         y

Documentation in 'Array\1x1.dat'

      Array of 1 element
      Compute effective values $v1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      ---  v1 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x10.dat'

      Linear array of 1x10 elements
      Compute effective values $v10..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x11.dat'

      Linear array of 1x11 elements
      Compute effective values $v11..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                      ---  v6 --- x
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x12.dat'

      Linear array of 1x12 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x13.dat'

      Linear array of 1x13 elements
      Compute effective values $v13..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                      ---  v7 --- x
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .
     .                                          v13
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x14.dat'

      Linear array of 1x14 elements
      Compute effective values $v14..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .
     .                                          v13
     .
     .                                          v14
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x15.dat'

      Linear array of 1x15 elements
      Compute effective values $v15..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                      ---  v8 --- x
     .
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .
     .                                          v13
     .
     .                                          v14
     .
     .                                          v15
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x16.dat'

      Linear array of 1x16 elements
      Compute effective values $v16..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v9
     .
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .
     .                                          v13
     .
     .                                          v14
     .
     .                                          v15
     .
     .                                          v16
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x17.dat'

      Linear array of 1x17 elements
      Compute effective values $v17..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                            |
     .                                            |
     .                                            v1
     .
     .                                            v2
     .
     .                                            v3
     .
     .                                            v4
     .
     .                                            v5
     .
     .                                            v6
     .
     .                                            v7
     .
     .                                            v8
     .
     .                                       ---  v9 --- x
     .
     .                                           v10
     .
     .                                           v11
     .
     .                                           v12
     .
     .                                           v13
     .
     .                                           v14
     .
     .                                           v15
     .
     .                                           v16
     .
     .                                           v17
     .                                            |
     .                                            |
     .                                            y

Documentation in 'Array\1x18.dat'

      Linear array of 1x18 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                          v10
     .
     .                                          v11
     .
     .                                          v12
     .
     .                                          v13
     .
     .                                          v14
     .
     .                                          v15
     .
     .                                          v16
     .
     .                                          v17
     .
     .                                          v18
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x2.dat'

      Linear array of 1x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v2..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v2
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x3.dat'

      Linear array of 1x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v3..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                      ---  v2 --- x
     .
     .                                           v3
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x4.dat'

      Linear array of 1x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v4..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x5.dat'

      Linear array of 1x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v5..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                      ---  v3 --- x
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x6.dat'

      Linear array of 1x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v6..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .                                      ---      --- x
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x7.dat'

      Linear array of 1x7 elements
      Compute effective values $v7..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                      ---  v4 --- x
     .
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x8.dat'

      Linear array of 1x8 elements
      Compute effective values $v8..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .                                      ---     --- x
     .                                           v5
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\1x9.dat'

      Linear array of 1x9 elements
      Compute effective values $v9..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           v1
     .
     .                                           v2
     .
     .                                           v3
     .
     .                                           v4
     .
     .                                      ---  v5 --- x
     .
     .                                           v6
     .
     .                                           v7
     .
     .                                           v8
     .
     .                                           v9
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x1.dat'

      Linear array of 2x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v2..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   ---  v1  v2 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x10.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x10 elements
      Compute effective values $v20..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x11.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x11 elements
      Compute effective values $v22..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                   --- v11  v12 --- x
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x12.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x12 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .
     .                                       v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x13.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x13 elements
      Compute effective values $v26..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                   --- v13  v14 --- x
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .
     .                                       v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x14.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x14 elements
      Compute effective values $v28..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .
     .                                       v23  v24
     .
     .                                       v25  v26
     .
     .                                       v27  v28
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x15.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x15 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                   --- v15  v16 --- x
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .
     .                                       v23  v24
     .
     .                                       v25  v26
     .
     .                                       v27  v28
     .
     .                                       v29  v30
     .                                          |
     .                                          |
     .                                          y

Documentation in 'Array\2x16.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x16 elements
      Compute effective values $v32..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                       v17  v18
     .
     .                                       v19  v20
     .
     .                                       v21  v22
     .
     .                                       v23  v24
     .
     .                                       v25  v26
     .
     .                                       v27  v28
     .
     .                                       v29  v30
     .
     .                                       v31  v32
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v4..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                        v3   v4
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v6..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                   ---  v3   v4 --- x
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v8..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v10..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                   ---  v5   v6 --- x
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x6.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x7.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x7 elements
      Compute effective values $v14..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                   ---  v7   v8 --- x
     .
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x8.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x8 elements
      Compute effective values $v16..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .                                   ---          --- x
     .                                        v9  v10
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\2x9.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2x9 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                        v1   v2
     .
     .                                        v3   v4
     .
     .                                        v5   v6
     .
     .                                        v7   v8
     .
     .                                   ---  v9  v10 --- x
     .
     .                                       v11  v12
     .
     .                                       v13  v14
     .
     .                                       v15  v16
     .
     .                                       v17  v18
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x1.dat'

      Linear array of 3x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v3..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                  --- v1   v2   v3 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x10.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x10 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .                                 ---               --- x
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .
     .                                     v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                     v25  v26  v27
     .
     .                                     v28  v29  v30
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x11.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x11 elements
      Compute effective values $v33..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                 --- v16  v17  v18 --- x
     .
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .
     .                                     v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                     v25  v26  v27
     .
     .                                     v28  v29  v30
     .
     .                                     v31  v32  v33
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x12.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x12 elements
      Compute effective values $v36..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .                                 ---               --- x
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .
     .                                     v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                     v25  v26  v27
     .
     .                                     v28  v29  v30
     .
     .                                     v31  v32  v33
     .
     .                                     v34  v35  v36
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v6..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .                                 ---               --- x
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v9..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                  --- v4   v5   v6 --- x
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .                                  ---              --- x
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v15..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                 ---  v7   v8   v9 --- x
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x6.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .                                 ---               --- x
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x7.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x7 elements
      Compute effective values $v21..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                 --- v10  v11  v12 --- x
     .
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x8.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x8 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .                                 ---               --- x
     .                                     v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .
     .                                     v22  v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\3x9.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3x9 elements
      Compute effective values $v27..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                      v1   v2   v3
     .
     .                                      v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                                      v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                                     v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                 --- v13  v14  v15 --- x
     .
     .                                     v16  v17  v18
     .
     .                                     v19  v20  v21
     .
     .                                     v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                     v25  v26  v27
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x1.dat'

      Linear array of 4x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v4..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              ---  v1   v2   v3   v4 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v8..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .                              ---                    --- x
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                              ---  v5   v6   v7   v8 --- x
     .
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v15..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .                              ---                    --- x
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v20..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                              ---  v9  v10  v11  v12 --- x
     .
     .                                  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .
     .                                  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x6.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .                              ---                    --- x
     .                                  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .
     .                                  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .
     .                                  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x7.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x7 elements
      Compute effective values $v28..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                              --- v13  v14  v15  v16 --- x
     .
     .                                  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .
     .                                  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x8.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x8 elements
      Compute effective values $v32..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .                              ---                    --- x
     .                                  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .
     .                                  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .
     .                                  v29  v30  v31  v32
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\4x9.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4x9 elements
      Compute effective values $v36..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                   v1   v2   v3   v4
     .
     .                                   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                                   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                                  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .
     .                              --- v17  v18  v19  v20 --- x
     .
     .                                  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                                  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .
     .                                  v29  v30  v31  v32
     .
     .                                  v33  v34  v35  v36
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x1.dat'

      Linear array of 5x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v5..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                             --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v10..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .                            ---                         --- x
     .                                 v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v15..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .
     .                            ---  v6   v7   v8   v9  v10 --- x
     .
     .                                v11  v12  v13  v14  v15
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v20..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .
     .                                 v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .                            ---                         --- x
     .                                v11  v12  v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                                v16  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v25..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .
     .                                 v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .
     .                           ---  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15 --- x
     .
     .                                v16  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .
     .                                v21  v22  v23  v24  v25
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x6.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .
     .                                 v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .
     .                                v11  v12  v13  v14  v15
     .                           ---                          --- x
     .                                v16  v17  v18  v19  v20
     .
     .                                v21  v22  v23  v24  v25
     .
     .                                v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\5x7.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5x7 elements
      Compute effective values $v35..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                 v1   v2   v3   v4   v5
     .
     .                                 v6   v7   v8   v9  v10
     .
     .                                v11  v12  v13  v14  v15
     .
     .                           ---  v16  v17  v18  v19  v20 --- x
     .
     .                                v21  v22  v23  v24  v25
     .
     .                                v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .
     .                                v31  v32  v33  v34  v35
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x1.dat'

      Linear array of 6x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v6..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                          --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 6x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v12..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6
     .                         ---                              --- x
     .                              v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 6x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                          --- v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12 --- x
     .
     .                             v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 6x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                              v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .                          ---                             --- x
     .                             v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18
     .
     .                             v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 6x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v30..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                              v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                         --- v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18 --- x
     .
     .                             v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                             v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\6x6.dat'

      Rectangular array of 6x6 elements
      Compute effective values $v36..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6
     .
     .                              v7   v8   v9  v10  v11  v12
     .
     .                             v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18
     .                         ---                              --- x
     .                             v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                             v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30
     .
     .                             v31  v32  v33  v34  v35  v36
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\7x1.dat'

      Linear array of 7x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v7..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                        --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\7x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 7x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v14..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                            v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7
     .                       ---                                   --- x
     .                            v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\7x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 7x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v21..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                            v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7
     .
     .                       ---  v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14 --- x
     .
     .                           v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v21  v21
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\7x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 7x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v28..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                            v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7
     .
     .                            v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14
     .                       ---                                   --- x
     .                           v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v21  v21
     .
     .                           v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\7x5.dat'

      Rectangular array of 7x5 elements
      Compute effective values $v35..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                            v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7
     .
     .                            v8   v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14
     .
     .                       --- v15  v16  v17  v18  v19  v21  v21 --- x
     .
     .                           v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27  v28
     .
     .                           v29  v30  v31  v32  v33  v34  v35
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\8x1.dat'

      Linear array of 8x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v8..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                     --- v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\8x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 8x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v16..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                         v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .                    ---                                        --- x
     .                         v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\8x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 8x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v24..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                         v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                    ---  v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16 --- x
     .
     .                        v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\8x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 8x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v32..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                         v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8
     .
     .                         v9  v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16
     .                    ---                                        --- x
     .                        v17  v18  v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24
     .
     .                        v25  v26  v27  v28  v29  v30  v31  v32
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\9x1.dat'

      Linear array of 9x1 elements
      Compute effective values $v9..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                  ---  v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9 --- x
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\9x2.dat'

      Rectangular array of 9x2 elements
      Compute effective values $v18..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                       v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9
     .                  ---                                             --- x
     .                      v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\9x3.dat'

      Rectangular array of 9x3 elements
      Compute effective values $v27..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                       v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                  --- v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18 --- x
     .
     .                      v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\9x4.dat'

      Rectangular array of 9x4 elements
      Compute effective values $v36..1 from geographical locations

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                       v1   v2   v3   v4   v5   v6   v7   v8   v9
     .
     .                      v10  v11  v12  v13  v14  v15  v16  v17  v18
     .                  ---                                             --- x
     .                      v19  v20  v21  v22  v23  v24  v25  v26  v27
     .
     .                      v28  v29  v30  v31  v32  v33  v34  v35  v36
     .                                           |
     .                                           |
     .                                           y

Documentation in 'Array\c2_a.dat'

      Rectangular array of 2 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 3x1 rectangular array

        c2  combination of 2 unit elements
        c1  single element

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .
     .                       |                                    |
     .                       |              connected as          |
     .                -- v1  v2  v3 -- x    a centroid     -- c2  c1  c2 -- x
     .                       |              structure:            |
     .                       |                                    |
     .                       y                                    y

Documentation in 'Array\c3_a.dat'

      Rectangular array of 3 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 3x3 rectangular array

        c4  combination of 4 unit elements
        c2  combination of 2 unit elements
        c1  single element
        2 elements are not used

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .
     .                        |                                      |
     .                        |               connected as           |
     .                   v1   v2   v3         a centroid        c4   ~    c4
     .                                        structure:
     .              ---  v4   v5   v6 --- x                ---  c2   c1   c2 --- x
     .
     .                   v7   v8   v9                           c4   ~    c4
     .                        |                                      |
     .                        |                                      |
     .                        y                                      y

Documentation in 'Array\c4_a.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 3x5 rectangular array

        c8  combination of 8 unit elements
        c4  combination of 4 unit elements
        c2  combination of 2 unit elements
        c1  single element

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                        |                                      |
     .                        |              connected as            |
     .                   v1   v2   v3        a centroid         c8   c4   c8
     .                                       structure:
     .                   v4   v5   v6                           c8   c2   c8
     .
     .              ---  v7   v8   v9 --- x                ---  c4   c1   c4 --- x
     .
     .                  v10  v11  v12                           c8   c2   c8
     .
     .                  v13  v14  v15                           c8   c4   c8
     .                        |                                      |
     .                        |                                      |
     .                        y                                      y

Documentation in 'Array\c4_b.dat'

      Rectangular array of 4 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 1x15 rectangular array

        c8  combination of 8 unit elements
        c4  combination of 4 unit elements
        c2  combination of 2 unit elements
        c1  single element

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                    |                              |
     .                    |         connected as         |
     .                    v1        a centroid           c8
     .                              structure:
     .                    v2                             c8
     .
     .                    v3                             c8
     .
     .                    v4                             c8
     .
     .                    v5                             c4
     .
     .                    v6                             c4
     .
     .                    v7                             c2
     .
     .               ---  v8 --- x                  ---  c1 --- x
     .
     .                    v9                             c2
     .
     .                   v10                             c4
     .
     .                   v11                             c4
     .
     .                   v12                             c8
     .
     .                   v13                             c8
     .
     .                   v14                             c8
     .
     .                   v15                             c8
     .                    |                              |
     .                    |                              |
     .                    y                              y

Documentation in 'Array\c5_a.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 5x7 rectangular array

        c16 combination of 16 unit elements
        c8  combination of  8 unit elements
        c4  combination of  4 unit elements
        c2  combination of  2 unit elements
        c1  single element
        4 elements are not used

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                        |                   connected as                  |
     .                        |                   a centroid                    |
     .              v1   v2   v3   v4   v5        structure:         c16  c16   ~    c16 c16
     .
     .              v6   v7   v8   v9  v10                           c16  c16   ~    c16 c16
     .
     .             v11  v12  v13  v14  v15                            c8   c8   c2   c8   c8
     .
     .         --- v16  v17  v18  v19  v20 --- x                 ---  c4   c4   c1   c4   c4 --- x
     .
     .             v21  v22  v23  v24  v25                            c8   c8   c2   c8   c8
     .
     .             v26  v27  v28  v29  v30                           c16  c16   ~   c16  c16
     .
     .             v31  v32  v33  v34  v35                           c16  c16   ~   c16  c16
     .                        |                                                 |
     .                        |                                                 |
     .                        y                                                 y

Documentation in 'Array\c5_b.dat'

      Rectangular array of 5 elements made from a centroid combination of
      elements of a 3x11 rectangular array

        c16 combination of 16 unit elements
        c8  combination of  8 unit elements
        c4  combination of  4 unit elements
        c2  combination of  2 unit elements
        c1  single element
        2 elements are not used

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and random mismatch with normal distribution

         (x, y):   coordinates of the center of gravity of array
         dx, dy:   pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

         gradient: linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
         phi:      direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]

         mean:     value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
         sigma:    standard deviation relative to value

           |
         --o------------->  X axis
           |\
           | \   angle phi
           |  \
           |   \
           |    \
           |     \
           V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
         Y axis

     .                  |                connected as          |
     .                  |                a centroid            |
     .             v1   v2   v3          structure:      c16   c8  c16
     .
     .             v4   v5   v6                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .             v7   v8   v9                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .            v10  v11  v12                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .            v13  v14  v15                           c4    ~   c4
     .
     .        --- v16  v17  v18 --- x                ---- c2   c1   c2 --- x
     .
     .            v19  v20  v21                           c4    ~   c4
     .
     .            v22  v23  v24                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .            v25  v26  v27                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .            v28  v29  v30                          c16   c8  c16
     .
     .            v31  v32  v33                          c16   c8  c16
     .                  |                                      |
     .                  |                                      |
     .                  y                                      y

Documentation in 'Array\Array.txt'

      *** DATA CELLS OF UNPERFECTLY MATCHED DEVICES

      Rectangular Arrays of Elements with Gradient and Random Mismatches

      Hypothesis:  linear gradient and Random mismatch with normal distribution

      USAGE:    'data <Array/XxY>  vm..1  mean sigma  x y  dx dy  gradient phi

           'XxY'     one of the files in directory "/Simulate/Napados/Net/Array"

           vm..1     [output]  Set of the computed values vm, .., v1 of the elements of the array

           x, y:     [input]   Coordinates of the center of gravity of array
           dx, dy:   [input]   Pitch of array (center point to center point of contiguous elements)

           gradient: [input]   Linear variation of the value of elements (value per length)
           phi:      [input]   Direction of gradient [-PI, PI]

           mean:     [input]   Value of an element with center point located in coordinates (0,0)
           sigma:    [input]   Standard deviation relative to value

             |
           --o-------------> xaxis
             |\
             | \   angle phi
             |  \
             |   \
             |    \
             |     \
             V      \  direction of gradient  [-PI, PI]
           Y axis

                                                         |
                                                         |
                                                      ARRAY OF
                                                  -------+------- y
                                                      DEVICES
                                                         |
                                                         |
                                                         x

        Arrays Currently in Directory  "/Simulate/Napados/Net/Array"

         ......       ......       ......       ......
          1x1          3x1          6x1         11x1
          1x2          3x2          6x2         11x2
          1x3          3x3          6x3         11x3
          1x4          3x4          6x4         ......
          1x5          3x5          6x5
          1x6          3x6          6x6         ......
          1x7          3x7         ......       12x1
          1x8          3x8                      12x2
          1x9          3x9         ......       12x3
          1x10         3x10         7x1         ......
          1x11         3x11         7x2
          1x12         3x12         7x3         ......
          1x13        ......        7x4         13x1
          1x14                      7x5         13x2
          1x15        ......       ......       ......
          1x16         4x1
          1x17         4x2         ......       ......
          1x18         4x3          8x1         14x1
         ......        4x4          8x2         14x2
                       4x5          8x3         ......
         ......        4x6          8x4
          2x1          4x7         ......       ......
          2x2          4x8                      15x1
          2x3          4x9         ......       15x2
          2x4         ......        9x1         ......
          2x5                       9x2
          2x6         ......        9x3         ......
          2x7          5x1          9x4         16x1
          2x8          5x2         ......       16x2
          2x9          5x3                      ......
          2x10         5x4         ......
          2x11         5x5         10x1         ......
          2x12         5x6         10x2         17x1
          2x13         5x7         10x3         ......
          2x14        ......       ......
          2x15                                  ......
          2x16                                  18x1
         ......                                 ......

Documentation in 'ASD\m1.net'

     ANALOG 1ST ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '1' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURE)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m1.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file './ASD/_m1.dat'

               _________________             ______________
              |                 |      s1   |              |
        in ---|(*i1)    delayed  >--+------(+)              >-------+--------> out
              |      integrator |   |  th   |   comparator |        |
           +--|(*i2)            |   |   +--(-)             |        |
           |  |_________________|   |  _|_  |______________|        |
           |  gain, offset          |      offset, hysteresis    ___v___
           |                        |                           |  ctr  |
           |                        |      s2                   |      (0)--  -vn
           +----------------------------+----------------------<  MUX   |
                                    |   |                       |      (1)--  -vp
                                   _v___v_                      |_______|
                                  |       |
                         err ----<        |
                                  |_______|

Documentation in 'ASD\m11.net'

     ANALOG 2ND ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '1+1' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURES).

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m11.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     This is the simplest variant of Sigma-Delta '1+1'.
     The plain quantization error of the first stage is fed in the second stage.

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file 'ASD/_m11.dat'

              _________________               ______________
             |                 |    s01      |              |
        in --|(*i1)    delayed  >----+------(+)              >------+---------> y1
             |      integrator |     |   th  |   comparator |       |
          +--|(*i2)            |     |   +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|     |  _|_  |______________|       |
          |  gain, offset            |       offset, hysteresis  ___v___
          |                          |                          |  ctr  |
          |                          |       s02                |      (0)---  -vn
          +------------------------------+---------------------<  MUX   |
                                     |   |                      |      (1)---  -vp
       +-----------------------------+   |                      |_______|
       |                                 |
       |  +------------------------------+
       |  |
       |  |   _________________
       |  |  |                 |
       |  +--|(*j1)            |              ______________
       |     |         delayed |    s05      |              |
       +-----|(*j2) integrator  >----+------(+)              >------+---------> y2
             |                 |     |   th  |   comparator |       |
          +--|(*j3)            |     |   +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|     |  _|_  |______________|       |
          |  gain, offset            |       offset, hysteresis  ___v___
          |                          |                          |  ctr  |
          |                          |           s06            |      (0)---  -vn
          +------------------------------+---------------------<  MUX   |
                                     |   |                      |      (1)---  -vp
                                    _v___v_                     |_______|
                                   |       |
                        err ------<        |
                                   |_______|

      y1 -------------------------------------(+)-----> out
                                               |
             ____________       ________       |
            |            | s07 |        | s08  |
      y2 ---|    1-1/z    >----|  *ia    >-----+
            |____________|     |________|
            differentiator

Documentation in 'ASD\m2.net'

     ANALOG 2ND ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '2' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURE)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m2.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file 'ASD/_m2.dat'

              _________________        _________________             ______________
             |                 |  s1  |                 |      s2   |              |
        in --|(*i1)    delayed  >-----|(*j1)    delayed  >--+------(+)              >-------+--------> out
             |      integrator |      |      integrator |   |   th  |   comparator |        |
          +--|(*i2)            |   +--|(*j2)            |   |   +--(-)             |        |
          |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|   |  _|_  |______________|        |
          | gain, offset           | gain, offset           |       offset, hysteresis   ___v___
          |                        |                        |                           |  ctr  |
          |                        |                        |     s3                    |      (0)--  -vn
          +------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------<  MUX   |
                                                            |   |                       |      (1)--  -vp
                                                           _v___v_                      |_______|
                                                          |       |
                                                 err ----<        |
                                                          |_______|

Documentation in 'ASD\m21_va.net'

     ANALOG 3TH ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '2+1' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURES)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m21a.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     This is the simplest variant of Sigma-Delta '2+1' (Variant "A").
     The plain quantization error of the first stage is fed in the second stage.

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file 'ASD/_m21a.dat'

             _________________        _________________               ______________
            |                 | s01  |                 |   s02       |              |
       in --|(*i1)    delayed  >-----|(*j1)    delayed  >--+--------(+)              >---------+---------> y1
            |      integrator |      |      integrator |   |     th  |   comparator |          |
         +--|(*i2)            |   +--|(*j2)            |   |     +--(-)             |          |
         |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|   |    _|_  |______________|          |
         | gain, offset           | gain, offset           |        offset, hysteresis      ___v___
         |                        |                        |                               |  ctr  |
         |                        |                        |    s03                        |      (0)---  -vn
         +------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |     |                         |      (1)---  -vp
                               +---------------------------+     |                         |_______|
                               |                                 |
                               |  +------------------------------+
                               |  |   _________________
                               |  |  |                 |
                               |  +--|(*k1)            |              ______________
                               |     |                 |   s07       |              |
                               +-----|(*k2)    delayed  >--+--------(+)              >---------+---------> y2
                                     |      integrator |   |     th  |   comparator |          |
                                  +--|(*k3)            |   |     +--(-)             |          |
                                  |  |_________________|   |    _|_  |______________|          |
                                  | gain, offset           |        offset, hysteresis      ___v___
                                  |                        |                               |  ctr  |
                                  |                        |   s08                         |      (0)---  -vn
                                  +------------------------+---+--------------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |   |                           |      (1)---  -vp
                                                          _v___v_                          |_______|
                                                         |       |
                                                 err ---<        |
                                                         |_______|
             ____________        ____________
            |            | s09  |            | s10
      y1 ---|   delay     >-----|   delay     >------------------(+)----> out
            |____________|      |____________|                    | -
             ____________        ____________        ______       |
            |            | s11  |            | s12  |      | s13  |
      y2 ---|   1-1/z     >-----|   1-1/z     >-----| *ia   >-----+
            |____________|      |____________|      |______|
            differentiator      differentiator

Documentation in 'ASD\m22_va.net'

     ANALOG 4TH ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '2+2' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURES)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m22a.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     This is the simplest variant of Sigma-Delta '2+2'. (Variant "A")
     The plain quantization error of the first stage is fed in the second stage.

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file './ASD/_m22_va.dat'

              _________________        _________________           ______________
             |                 | s01  |                 |  s02    |              |
        in --|(*i1)    delayed  >-----|(*j1)    delayed  >-+-----(+)              >------+----> y1
             |      integrator |      |      integrator |  |  th  |   comparator |       |
          +--|(*i2)            |   +--|(*j2)            |  |  +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|  | _|_  |______________|       |
          | gain, offset           | gain, offset          |     offset, hysteresis   ___v___
          |                        |                       |                         |  ctr  |
          |                        |                       |      s03                |      (0)-- -vn
          +------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |   |                     |      (1)-- -vp
       +---------------------------------------------------+   |                     |_______|
       |                                                       |
       |  +----------------------------------------------------+
       |  |   _________________
       |  |  |                 |
       |  +--|(*k1)            |       _________________           ______________
       |     |         delayed | s06  |                 |   s07   |              |
       +-----|(*k2) integrator  >-----|(*l1)    delayed  >-+-----(+)              >------+----> y2
             |                 |      |      integrator |  |  th  |   comparator |       |
          +--|(*k3)            |   +--|(*l2)            |  |  +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|  | _|_  |______________|       |
          | gain, offset           | gain, offset          |     offset, hysteresis   ___v___
          |                        |                       |                         |  ctr  |
          |                        |                       |      s08                |      (0)-- -vn
          +------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |   |                     |      (1)-- -vp
                                                          _v___v_                    |_______|
                                                         |       |
                                                 err ---<        |
                                                         |_______|
             ____________        ____________
            |            | s09  |            | s10
      y1 ---|   delay     >-----|   delay     >------------------(+)----> out
            |____________|      |____________|                    |
             ____________        ____________        ______       |
            |            | s11  |            | s12  |      | s13  |
      y2 ---|    1-1/z    >-----|    1-1/z    >-----| *ia   >-----+
            |____________|      |____________|      |______|
            differentiator      differentiator

Documentation in 'ASD\m22_vc.net'

     ANALOG 4TH ORDER MODULATOR SIGMA-DELTA '2+2' WITH SIMPLE PARASITICS (SEE FIGURES)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <ASD/m22c.net>  "data_file"  in err vrefh vrefl

     This is a variant of Sigma-Delta '2+2'. (Variant "C")

     out    output of the cell
     in     input of the cell
     err    quantization error
     vrefh  analog reference (hi):  e.g.            ref
     vrefl  analog reference (lo):  e.g. Ground or -ref

     Examples:    input signal centered to 0.0    ->  vrefl = -ref, vrefh = +ref
                  input signal centered to ref/2  ->  vrefl = -0.0, vrefh = +ref

     a data file corresponding to a quasi-ideal implementation is located in file './ASD/_m22_vc.dat'

              _________________        _________________           ______________
             |                 | s01  |                 |  s02    |              |
        in --|(*i1)    delayed  >-----|(*j1)    delayed  >-+-----(+)              >------+--------> y1
             |      integrator |      |      integrator |  |  th  |  comparator  |       |
          +--|(*i2)            |   +--|(*j2)            |  |  +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|  | _|_  |______________|       |
          | gain, offset           | gain, offset          |     offset, hysteresis   ___v___
          |                        |                       |                         |  ctr  |
          |                        |                       |    s03                  |      (0)--  -vn
          +------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |   |                     |      (1)--  -vp
       +---------------------------------------------------+   |                     |_______|
       |                                                       |
       |  +----------------------------------------------------+
       |  |   _________________
       |  |  |                 |
       |  +--|(*k1)            |       _________________           ______________
       |     |                 | s06  |                 |   s07   |              |
       +-----|(*k2)    delayed  >-----|(*l1)    delayed  >-+-----(+)              >------+--------> y2
             |      integrator |      |      integrator |  |  th  |   comparator |       |
          +--|(*k3)            |   +--|(*l2)            |  |  +--(-)             |       |
          |  |_________________|   |  |_________________|  | _|_  |______________|       |
          | gain, offset           | gain, offset          |     offset, hysteresis   ___v___
          |                        |                       |                         |  ctr  |
          |                        |                       |    s08                  |      (0)--  -vn
          +------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------<  MUX   |
                                                           |   |                     |      (1)--  -vp
                                                          _v___v_                    |_______|
                                                         |       |
                                                 err ---<        |
                                                         |_______|
             _______        _______
            |       | s09  |       | s10
      y1 ---| delay  >-----| delay  >---+--------------------------------------------(+)----> out
            |_______|      |_______|    |                                             |
                                        |                                             |
                                        |                                             |
                                        |                                             |
             _______                    |      ____________        ____________       |
            |       | s04              -| s11 |            | s12  |            | s13  |
      y2 ---|  *ia   >-----------------(+)----|    1-1/z    >-----|    1-1/z    >-----+
            |_______|                         |____________|      |____________|
                                              differentiator      differentiator

Documentation in 'ASD\_m1.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m1.net'

Documentation in 'ASD\_m11.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m11.net'

Documentation in 'ASD\_m2.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m2.net'

Documentation in 'ASD\_m21_va.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m21_va.net'

Documentation in 'ASD\_m22_va.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m22_va.net'

Documentation in 'ASD\_m22_vc.dat'

     Quasi-idealized data for cell 'ASD/m22_vc.net'

Documentation in 'Buffer\pbuffer.net'

     1 INPUT 1 OUTPUT PROGRAMMABLE POLARITY ANALOG BUFFER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Buffer/pbuffer.net>  in  polarity

       polarity  = 0  -->    inverting buffer
       polarity != 0  -->    non inverting buffer

                 _____________
                |             |
       in ------| inv/not inv  >----- out
                |_____________|
                       |
       polarity -------+

Documentation in 'Butterfly\4.net'

     BUTTERFLY 4 WIRES, 4 STATES   (CHAMELEONIC)

     USAGE:   node void  cell  plsnam  <Butterfly/4.net>  out3..0 in3..0  ctr

                      ctr[b1]           ctr[b0]
                          |                 |
                       ___|___           ___|___
                      |       |   s3    |       |
      in[b3] ---------|- -1- - >--------|- -1- - >- out[b3]
                      |  \ /  |         |  \ /  |
                      |   0   |         |   0   |
                      |  / \  | s2   s1 |  / \  |
      in[b2] --+   +--|- -1- - >-+   +--|- -1- - >- out[b2]
                \ /   |_______|   \ /   |_______|
                 .     ___|___     .     ___|___
                / \   |       |   / \   |       |
      in[b1] --+   +--|- -1- - >-+   +--|- -1- - >- out[b1]
                      |  \ /  | s1   s2 |  \ /  |
                      |   0   |         |   0   |
                      |  / \  |         |  / \  |
      in[b0] ---------|- -1- - >--------|- -1- - >- out[b0]
                      |_______|   s0    |_______|

       in = d,c,b,a

             ctr   |      0          1          2          3      |
             ------------------------------------------------------
             out  >>>  a,b,c,d    b,a,d,c    c,d,a,b    d,c,b,a   |

Documentation in 'Butterfly\4b.net'

     BUTTERFLY 4 BITS, 4 STATES   (bitwise)

     USAGE:   node out  cell  plsnam  <Butterfly/4b.net>  in  ctr

                       ctr[b1]            ctr[b0]
                          |                 |
                       ___|___           ___|___
                      |       |   s3    |       |
      in[b3] ---------|- -1- - >--------|- -1- - >- out[b3]
                      |  \ /  |         |  \ /  |
                      |   0   |         |   0   |
                      |  / \  | s2   s1 |  / \  |
      in[b2] --+   +--|- -1- - >-+   +--|- -1- - >- out[b2]
                \ /   |_______|   \ /   |_______|
                 .     ___|___     .     ___|___
                / \   |       |   / \   |       |
      in[b1] --+   +--|- -1- - >-+   +--|- -1- - >- out[b1]
                      |  \ /  | s1   s2 |  \ /  |
                      |   0   |         |   0   |
                      |  / \  |         |  / \  |
      in[b0] ---------|- -1- - >--------|- -1- - >- out[b0]
                      |_______|   s0    |_______|

       in = dcba

             ctr   |   0d,00b    1d,01b    2d,10b    3d,11b   |
             ---------------------------------------------------
             out  >>>   abcd      badc      cdab      dcba    |

Documentation in 'Butterfly\4b_hl.net'

     BUTTERFLY 4 BITS, 4 STATES, HIGH LEVEL DEFINITION   (bitwise)

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam <Butterfly/4b_hl.net>  in  ctr

        ctr     |      0        1        2        3   |
                |                                     |
       ------------------------------------------------
       'dcba'  >>>  'abcd'   'badc'   'cdab'   'dcba' |

Documentation in 'CDSD\m1.net'

     1ST ORDER DIGITAL CONTROLLED SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '1'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <CDSD/m1.net>  in err run refh refl

     mode HOLD (i.e inactivated)   when   (run == false)
     mode RUN  (i.e activated  )   when   (run == true )

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

      run----------+
                 __|__                    ________
             s1 |     |   s3             |        |
     in--(+)----|TRACK >---------+------(+)       |
          |     |_____|          |       |  COMP   >---+-------- out
          |                      |   +--(-)       |    |
          | s2   _____           |  _|_  |________|    |
          |     |     |          |    th               |
          +----< DELAY|----+----(+)                 ___|___
                |_____|    |     | -               |       |
                           |     |          s0     |      (0)-- refl
                           |     +----------------<  MUX   |
                           |                       |      (1)-- refh
                          err                      |_______|

Documentation in 'CDSD\m11.net'

     2ND ORDER DIGITAL CONTROLLED SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '1+1'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <CDSD/m11.net>  in err run refh refl

     mode HOLD (inactivated)   when   (run == FALSE)
     mode RUN  (activated  )   when   (run == TRUE )

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

         run------+--------------------+---------------------+
                  |                    |                     |
               ___v________            |                     |
              |            |    o1     |                     |
         in---|             >-------------------------------------------(+)----- out
              |   CDSD m1  |           |                     |           |
              |            |    s1     |                  ___v___        | s3
              |             >---+      |                 |       |     - |
              |_refh__refl_|    |      |             +---| gdelay >-----(+)
                  ^    ^        |   ___v________     |   |_______|  s2   |
                  |    |        |  |            |    |                   |
                  |    |        +--|             >---+-------------------+
                  |    |           |   CDSD m1  |   o2
                  |    |           |            |
                  |    |           |             >------------------------------ err
                  |    |           |_refh__refl_|
                  |    |               ^    ^
                  |    |               |    |
                  +--------------------+    |
                  |    |                    |
                  |    +--------------------+
                  |    |
                refh  refl

Documentation in 'CDSD\m2.net'

     2ND ORDER DIGITAL CONTROLLED SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '2'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <CDSD/m2.net>  in err run refh refl

     mode HOLD (inactivated)   when   (run == FALSE)
     mode RUN  (activated  )   when   (run == TRUE )

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

     run----------+------------------------+
                __|__                    __|__                   ________
            s1 |     |  s4           s6 |     |      s7         |        |
     in--(+)---|TRACK >-----+-----(+)---|TRACK >---------+-----(+)       |
          |    |_____|      |      |    |_____|          |      |  COMP   >---+-------- out
          | s2              |      | s5                  |   +-(-)       |    |
          |     _____       |      |     _____           |  _|_ |________|    |
          |    |     |  s3  |      |    |     |          |   th               |
          +---< DELAY|-----(+)     +---< DELAY|----+----(+)                ___|___
               |_____|      |-          |_____|    |     |-               |       |
                            |                      |     |      s0        |      (0)-- refl
                            +----------------------------+---------------<   MUX  |
                                                   |                      |      (1)-- refh
                                                  err                     |_______|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_1.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [1 INPUT ]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_1.net> parms in1 fun

     Input:   in1
     Output:  out

              fun is a 2 inputs duser function
             _____________________
            |    ___              |
            |   |   | +----------- >--out
       in1__|___|   | |  _____    |
            |   |fun| | |     |   |
            |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
            | | |___|   |_____| | |
            | |_________________| |
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_2.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [2 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_2.net> parms in1..2 fun

     Input:   in1 in2
     Output:  out

              fun is a 3 inputs duser function
             _____________________
            |    ___              |
       in1__|___|   | +----------- >--out
       in2__|___|   | |  _____    |
            |   |fun| | |     |   |
            |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
            | | |___|   |_____| | |
            | |_________________| |
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_3.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [3 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_3.net> parms in1..3 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3
     Output:  out

              fun is a 4 inputs duser function
              _____________________
             |    ___              |
       in1___|___|   | +----------- >--out
       in2___|___|   | |           |
       in3___|___|fun| |  _____    |
             |   |   | | |     |   |
             |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             | | |___|   |_____| | |
             | |_________________| |
             |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_4.net'

     GENERIC CELL     [4 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_4.net> parms in1..4 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4
     Output:  out

              fun is a 5 inputs duser function
              _____________________
             |    ___              |
        in1 _|___|   |             |
        in2 _|___|   | +----------- >--out
        in3 _|___|   | |           |
        in4 _|___|fun| |  _____    |
             |   |   | | |     |   |
             |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             | | |___|   |_____| | |
             | |_________________| |
             |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_5.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [5 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_5.net> parms in1..5 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5
     Output:  out

              fun is a 6 inputs duser function
              __________________________
             |         ___              |
        in1__|________|   |             |
        in2__|________|   |             |
        in3__|________|   | +----------- >--out
        in4__|________|fun| |           |
        in5__|________|   | |  _____    |
             |        |   | | |     |   |
             |       _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___|   |_____| | |
             |      |_________________| |
             |__________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_6.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [6 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_6.net> parms in1..6 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5 in6
     Output:  out

              fun is a 7 inputs duser function
              __________________________
             |         ___              |
        in1__|________|   |             |
        in2__|________|   |             |
        in3__|________|   | +----------- >--out
        in4__|________|   | |           |
        in5__|________|fun| |           |
        in6__|________|   | |  _____    |
             |        |   | | |     |   |
             |       _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___|   |_____| | |
             |      |_________________| |
             |__________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d1.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [1 INPUT ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d1.net> parms in1 fun

     Input:   in1
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 2 inputs duser function
             ___________________
            |    ___            |
            |   |   |           |
       in1__|___|   |  _____    |
            |   |fun| |     |   |
            |  _|   |->DELAY|-+- >--dout
            | | |___| |_____| | |
            | |_______________| |
            |___________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d2.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [2 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [2 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d2.net> parms in1..2 fun

     Input:   in1 in2
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 3 inputs duser function
             _____________________
            |      ___            |
       in1__|_____|   |      dout |
            |  ___|   |  _____  | |
            | |   |fun| |     | | |
            | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
            | | | |___| |_____| | |
            | | |_______________| |
            | |___________________|__in2
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d3.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [3 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [3 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d3.net> parms in1..3 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 4 inputs duser function

             in2
              _|___________________
             | |  _________________|__in3
             | | |  ___            |
             | | |_|   |      dout |
             | |___|   |  _____  | |
             |  ___|fun| |     | | |
             | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | |_______________| |
             | |________           |
             |__________|__________|
                        |
                      in1

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d4.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [4 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [4 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d4.net> parms in1..4 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 5 inputs duser function

             in2
              _|_____________________
             | |    _________________|__in3
             | |   |  ___            |
             | |   |_|   |           |
             | |_____|   |      dout |
             |  _____|   |         | |
             | |  ___|fun|  _____  | |
             | | |   |   | |     | | |
             | | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | | |_______________| |
           __|_| |_________________  |
        in1  |_____________________|_|
                                   |
                                   in4

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d5.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [5 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d5.net> parms in1..5 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 6 inputs duser function
              ________________________
             |         ___            |
        in1__|________|   |           |
        in2__|________|   |           |
        in3__|________|   |      dout |
        in4__|________|fun|         | |
        in5__|________|   |  _____  | |
             |        |   | |     | | |
             |       _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___| |_____| | |
             |      |_______________| |
             |________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\dcell_d6.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [6 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [6 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/dcell_d6.net> parms in1..6 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5 in6
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 7 inputs duser function

                         in3
              ____________|____________
             |     _______|            |
        in2__|_   |  __________________|__in4
             | |  | |   ___            |
             | |  | |__|   |           |
             | |  |____|   |           |
             | |_______|   |      dout |
             |  _______|   |         | |
             | |  _____|fun|         | |
             | | |  ___|   |  _____  | |
             | | | |   |   | |     | | |
             | | | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | | | |_______________| |
        in1__|_| | |___________________|__in5
             |   |________             |
             |____________|____________|
                          |
                         in6

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_1.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [1 INPUT ]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_1.net> parms in1 fun

     Input:   in1
     Output:  out

              fun is a 2 inputs iuser function
             _____________________
            |    ___              |
            |   |   | +----------- >--out
       in1__|___|   | |  _____    |
            |   |fun| | |     |   |
            |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
            | | |___|   |_____| | |
            | |_________________| |
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_2.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [2 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_2.net> parms in1..2 fun

     Input:   in1 in2
     Output:  out

              fun is a 3 inputs iuser function
             _____________________
            |    ___              |
       in1__|___|   | +----------- >--out
       in2__|___|   | |  _____    |
            |   |fun| | |     |   |
            |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
            | | |___|   |_____| | |
            | |_________________| |
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_3.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [3 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_3.net> parms in1..3 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3
     Output:  out

              fun is a 4 inputs iuser function
              _____________________
             |    ___              |
       in1___|___|   | +----------- >--out
       in2___|___|   | |           |
       in3___|___|fun| |  _____    |
             |   |   | | |     |   |
             |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             | | |___|   |_____| | |
             | |_________________| |
             |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_4.net'

     GENERIC CELL     [4 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_4.net> parms in1..4 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4
     Output:  out

              fun is a 5 inputs iuser function
              _____________________
             |    ___              |
        in1 _|___|   |             |
        in2 _|___|   | +----------- >--out
        in3 _|___|   | |           |
        in4 _|___|fun| |  _____    |
             |   |   | | |     |   |
             |  _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             | | |___|   |_____| | |
             | |_________________| |
             |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_5.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [5 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_5.net> parms in1..5 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5
     Output:  out

              fun is a 6 inputs iuser function
              __________________________
             |         ___              |
        in1__|________|   |             |
        in2__|________|   |             |
        in3__|________|   | +----------- >--out
        in4__|________|fun| |           |
        in5__|________|   | |  _____    |
             |        |   | | |     |   |
             |       _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___|   |_____| | |
             |      |_________________| |
             |__________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_6.net'

     GENERIC CELL          [6 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_6.net> parms in1..6 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5 in6
     Output:  out

              fun is a 7 inputs iuser function
              __________________________
             |         ___              |
        in1__|________|   |             |
        in2__|________|   |             |
        in3__|________|   | +----------- >--out
        in4__|________|   | |           |
        in5__|________|fun| |           |
        in6__|________|   | |  _____    |
             |        |   | | |     |   |
             |       _|   |-+->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___|   |_____| | |
             |      |_________________| |
             |__________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d1.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [1 INPUT ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d1.net> parms in1 fun

     Input:   in1
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 2 inputs iuser function
             ___________________
            |    ___            |
            |   |   |           |
       in1__|___|   |  _____    |
            |   |fun| |     |   |
            |  _|   |->DELAY|-+- >-dout
            | | |___| |_____| | |
            | |_______________| |
            |___________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d2.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [2 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [2 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d2.net> parms in1 in2 fun

     Input:   in1 in2
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 3 inputs iuser function
             _____________________
            |      ___            |
       in1__|_____|   |      dout |
            |  ___|   |  _____  | |
            | |   |fun| |     | | |
            | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
            | | | |___| |_____| | |
            | | |_______________| |
            | |___________________|__in2
            |_____________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d3.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [3 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [3 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d3.net> parms in1..3 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 4 inputs iuser function

             in2
              _|___________________
             | |  _________________|__in3
             | | |  ___            |
             | | |_|   |      dout |
             | |___|   |  _____  | |
             |  ___|fun| |     | | |
             | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | |_______________| |
             | |________           |
             |__________|__________|
                        |
                      in1

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d4.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [4 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [4 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d4.net> parms in1..4 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 5 inputs iuser function

             in2
              _|_____________________
             | |    _________________|__in3
             | |   |  ___            |
             | |   |_|   |           |
             | |_____|   |      dout |
             |  _____|   |         | |
             | |  ___|fun|  _____  | |
             | | |   |   | |     | | |
             | | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | | |_______________| |
           __|_| |_________________  |
        in1  |_____________________|_|
                                   |
                                   in4

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d5.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [5 INPUTS]

     USAGE:  node dout  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d5.net> parms in1..5 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 6 inputs iuser function
              ________________________
             |         ___            |
        in1__|________|   |           |
        in2__|________|   |           |
        in3__|________|   |      dout |
        in4__|________|fun|         | |
        in5__|________|   |  _____  | |
             |        |   | |     | | |
             |       _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             |      | |___| |_____| | |
             |      |_______________| |
             |________________________|

Documentation in 'Cell\icell_d6.net'

     GENERIC CELL WITH DELAY          [6 INPUTS]
     CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERIC CELL   [6 IO'S  ]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Cell/icell_d6.net> parms in1..6 fun

     Input:   in1 in2 in3 in4 in5 in6
     Output:  dout

              fun is a 7 inputs iuser function

                         in3
              ____________|____________
             |     _______|            |
        in2__|_   |  __________________|__in4
             | |  | |   ___            |
             | |  | |__|   |           |
             | |  |____|   |           |
             | |_______|   |      dout |
             |  _______|   |         | |
             | |  _____|fun|         | |
             | | |  ___|   |  _____  | |
             | | | |   |   | |     | | |
             | | | |  _|   |->DELAY|-+ |
             | | | | | |___| |_____| | |
             | | | | |_______________| |
        in1__|_| | |___________________|__in5
             |   |________             |
             |____________|____________|
                          |
                         in6

Documentation in 'Cell\wolfram_rule.net'

     Cell for 1D CELLULAR AUTOMATA CELL

     USAGE:  node  dout cell plsnam  <Cell/wolfram_rule.net>  rule_number  left center right   probability

     Input:  rule_number left center  right  probability
     Output: dout
                                                probability of initialization to 1
                                                    :
                   :          :          :          :
               ____:__________:__________:__________:_______
              |  $left     $center    $right  $probability  |
              |    :          :          :          .       |
              |    +----+     :      +---+          .       |
              |      ___:_____:______:___           .       |
              |     | left center  right |          .       |
              |     |                    |          .       |
              |     | iuser wolfram_rule |          .       |
              |     |                    |          .       |
              |     |_______$out_________|          .       |
              |               V      &delayed       .       |
              |               :                     .       |
              |               : . (init). . . . . . .       |
              |               :                             |
              |______________$dout__________________________|
                              V
                              :

Documentation in 'Channel\faulty.net'

     FAULTY DIGITAL CHANNEL

       input:  a digital signal, a sequence of 0s and 1s
      output:  the input sequence where faults have been introduced with a probability 'p'

     USAGE:    node out  cell plsnam  <Channel/faulty.net>  in  0.001

Documentation in 'Clock\clock102.net'

     Generation of 2 strictly non overlapping binary clock     (with a dead zone)

     USAGE:  node void  cell plsnam  <Clock/clock102.net>  clk1 clk2  deadzone pattern length

     The length, the length of each phase, must be a constant positive integer number
     and the pattern must be a constant clock string (as defined in NAPA node 'clock')
     corresponding to the description of clk1.

     A few examples:

      node void cell ca <Clock/clock102.net> clk1a clk2a   "01"  8    // pattern    "01", length 8

                     1    7    1    7    1    7    1    7    1    7    1
                       <----->   <----->   <----->   <----->   <----->   <----...
             clk1a:  0 0000000 0 1111111 0 0000000 0 1111111 0 0000000 0 11111...
             clk2a:  1 1111111 0 0000000 0 1111111 0 0000000 0 1111111 0 00000...

      node void cell cb <Clock/clock102.net> clk1b clk2b   "110"  8   // pattern   "110", length 8

                     1        15       1    7    1        15       1
                       <------------->   <----->   <------------->   <-------...
             clk1b:  1 111111111111111 0 0000000 0 111111111111111 0 00000000...
             clk2b:  0 000000000000000 0 1111111 0 000000000000000 0 11111111...

      node void cell cc <Clock/clock102.net> clk1c clk2c   "0.01" 8   // pattern  "0.01", length 8

                     1        15       1    7    1    7    1    7    1
                       <------------->   <----->   <----->   <----->   <---...
             clk1c:  0 000000000000000 0 0000000 0 1111111 0 0000000 0 1111...
             clk2c:  1 111111111111111 0 1111111 0 0000000 0 1111111 0 0000...

      node void cell cd <Clock/clock102.net> clk1d clk2d   "01.10" 5  // pattern "01.10", length 5

                     1   4  1     9     1  4  1   4  1   4  1    4  1   4  1
                       <-->   <------->  <-->   <-->   <-->    <-->   <-->   <-...
             clk1d:  0 0000 0 111111111 0 1111 0 0000 0 1111 0 0000 0 1111 0 00...
             clk2d:  1 1111 0 000000000 0 0000 0 1111 0 0000 0 1111 0 0000 0 11...

     Realization

                        ___                   +-----------------------> Clk1
                       |   |    nclk   ___    |   __________
     (pattern)      +--|inv >---------|   |   |  |          |
         !          |  |___|          |nor >--+--|delay (dz) >--+
         ! (length) |        d2 +-----|___|      |__________|   |
        _!____!_    |           |                               |
       |        |   |           |  +----------------------------+ d1
       | clock   >--+ clk       |  |
       |________|   |           +--|----------------------------+ d2
                    |              |   ___        __________    |
                    |           d1 +--|   |      |          |   |
                    |                 |nor >--+--|delay (dz) >--+
                    +-----------------|___|   |  |__________|
                                clk           |
                                              +-----------------------> Clk2

Documentation in 'Clock\clock12.net'

     Generation of 2 non overlapping binary clocks    (without dead zone)

     USAGE:  node void  cell plsnam  <Clock/clock12.net>  clk1 clk2   pattern length

     The length, the length of each phase, must be a constant positive integer number
     and the pattern must be a constant clock string (as defined in NAPA node 'clock')
     corresponding to the description of clk1.

     A few examples:

      node void cell ca <Clock/clock12.net> clk1a clk2a   "01"  8    // pattern    "01", length 8

                         8         8         8         8         8
                      <------>  <------>  <------>  <------>  <------>  <----...
             clk1a:   00000000  11111111  00000000  11111111  00000000  11111...
             clk2a:   11111111  00000000  11111111  00000000  11111111  00000...

      node void cell cb <Clock/clock12.net> clk1b clk2b   "110"  8   // pattern   "110", length 8

                             16            8             16
                      <-------------->  <------>  <-------------->  <-------...
             clk1b:   1111111111111111  00000000  1111111111111111  00000000...
             clk2b:   0000000000000000  11111111  0000000000000000  11111111...

      node void cell cc <Clock/clock12.net> clk1c clk2c   "0.01" 8   // pattern  "0.01", length 8

                             16            8         8         8
                      <-------------->  <------>  <------>  <------>  <---...
             clk1c:   0000000000000000  00000000  11111111  00000000  1111...
             clk2c:   1111111111111111  11111111  00000000  11111111  0000...

      node void cell cd <Clock/clock12.net> clk1d clk2d   "01.10" 5  // pattern "01.10", length 5

                        5        10        5      5      5      5      5
                      <--->  <-------->  <--->  <--->  <--->  <--->  <--->  <-...
             clk1d:   00000  1111111111  11111  00000  11111  00000  11111  00...
             clk2d:   11111  0000000000  00000  11111  00000  11111  00000  11...

     Realization

     (pattern)
         !
         ! (length)
        _!____!_    +-----------> Clk1
       |        |   |
       | clock   >--+  _____
       |________|   | |     |
                    +-| inv  >--> Clk2
                      |_____|

Documentation in 'Comparator\1_h.net'

     COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/1_h.net>  i  lo  hi

     Single ended synchronous hysteresis comparator

      (FSL) ....
             __:___                                ______
            |      \                              |      |
            |   ___ \               i--+---------(+)     |
       i ___|  | |   \___ o            |          | COMP  >-+    ________
            | _|_|   /                 |     hi--(-)     |  |   |        |
            |       /                  |          |______|  +---|   C    |
            |______/                   |           ______       | MULLER  >--- o
                                       |          |      |  +---|        |
                                       +---------(+)     |  |   |________|
                                                  | COMP  >-+
                                             lo--(-)     |
                                                  |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\2.net'

     DIFFERENTIAL COMPARATOR

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/2.net>  ip im

            |\
      ip  --p  \
            |    >----
      im  --m  /
            |/

Documentation in 'Comparator\2_a.net'

     COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out cell plsnam  <Comparator/2_a.net> "parm.dat" ip im

      Synchronous differential comparator with hysteresis and offset

      (FSL) ...
            __:___                                ______
           |      \                              |      |
      ip --|   ___ \          (ip-im) -+--------(+)     |
           |  | |   \___ o             |         | COMP  >-+   ______
           | _|_|   /                  |   lvp--(-)     |  |  |      |
      im --|       /                   |         |______|  +--|  C   |
           |______/    equivalent to   |          ______      |MULLER >-- o
                                       |         |      |  +--|      |
                                       +--------(+)     |  |  |______|
                                                 | COMP  >-+
                                           lvm--(-)     |
                                                 |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\2_h.net'

     2 INPUTS DIFFERENTIAL COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/2_h.net>  ip im hyst

      Differential Analog Comparator with Hysteresis

       (FSL) ....                (ip-im)
              __:___                |              ______
             |      \               |             |      |
       ip ---|   ___ \              +------------(+)     | om
             |  | |   \___ o        |             | COMP  >-+   ________
             | _|_|   /             | -hyst/2.0 -(-)     |  |  |        |
       im ---|       /              |             |______|  +--|   C    |
             |______/               |              ______      | MULLER  >-- o
                                    |             |      |  +--|        |
                                    +------------(+)     |  |  |________|
                                                  | COMP  >-+
                                      +hyst/2.0 -(-)     | op
                                                  |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\3.net'

     2 THRESHOLDS COMPARATOR, 3 LEVELS OUTPUT

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Comparator/3.net>  in  lo hi

                  |\
     in --+-------p  \
          |       |    >---+ [ 0,0,1]
          |  hi --m  /     |         _____
          |       |/    o2 +--------|     |
          |                         |wsum  >--- out [-1,0,1]
          |       |\    o1 +--------|_____|
          |  lo --p  \     |
          |       |    >---+ [-1,0,0]
          +-------m  /
                  |/

Documentation in 'Comparator\d1_h.net'

     DELAYED COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/d1_h.net>  i  lo hi

     Delayed Single Ended Synchronous Hysteresis Comparator

      (FSL) ....
             __:___                                ______
            |      \                              |      |
            |   ___ \               i--+---------(+)     |
       i ___|  | |   \___ o            |          | COMP  >-+    ________
            | _|_|   /                 |    hi --(-)     |  |   |        |
            |       /                  |          |______|  +---|   C    |
            |______/   equivalent to   |           ______       | MULLER  >--- o
                                       |          |      |  +---|        |
                                       +---------(+)     |  |   |________|
                                                  | COMP  >-+    &delayed
                                            lo --(-)     |
                                                  |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\d2.net'

     DIFFERENTIAL DELAYED COMPARATOR

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/d2.net>  ip im

            |\
      ip  --p  \
            |    >---- o
      im  --m  /
            |/
               &delayed

Documentation in 'Comparator\d2_a.net'

     DELAYED COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out cell plsnam  <Comparator/d2_a.net> "parm.dat" ip im

      Delayed Synchronous Differential Comparator with Hysteresis and Offset

      (FSL) ...
            __:___                                ______
           |      \                              |      |
      ip --|   ___ \          (ip-im) -+--------(+)     |
           |  | |   \___ o             |         | COMP  >-+    ________
           | _|_|   /                  |  lvp --(-)     |  |   |        |
      im --|       /                   |         |______|  +---|   C    |
           |______/    equivalent to   |          ______       | MULLER  >--- o
                                       |         |      |  +---|        |
                                       +--------(+)     |  |   |________|
                                                 | COMP  >-+   &delayed
                                          lvm --(-)     |
                                                 |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\d2_h.net'

     2 INPUTS DIFFERENTIAL DELAYED COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Comparator/d2_h.net>  ip im hyst

     Delayed Differential Analog Comparator with Hysteresis

       (FSL) ....                (ip-im)
              __:___                |                 ______
             |      \               |                |      |
       ip ---|   ___ \              +---------------(+)     | om
             |  | |   \___ o        |                | COMP  >-+      ________
             | _|_|   /             |  -hyst/2.0 ---(-)     |  |     |        |
       im ---|       /              |                |______|  +-----|   C    |
             |______/               |                 ______         | MULLER  >-- o
                                    |                |      |  +-----|        |
                                    +---------------(+)     |  |     |________|
                                                     | COMP  >-+      &delayed
                                       +hyst/2.0 ---(-)     | op
                                                     |______|

     (The C Muller element is a digital hysteresis)

Documentation in 'Comparator\d3.net'

     2 THRESHOLDS DELAYED COMPARATOR, 3 LEVELS OUTPUT

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Comparator/d3.net>  in  lo hi

                  |\
     in --+-------p  \
          |       |    >---+ [ 0,0,1]
          |  hi --m  /     |              ________
          |       |/    o2 +-------------|        |
          |                              |  wsum   >---- out [-1,0,1]
          |       |\    o1 +-------------|________|
          |  lo --p  \     |              &delayed
          |       |    >---+ [-1,0,0]
          +-------m  /
                  |/

Documentation in 'Comparator\_cmp1.dat'

     Idealized data for comparators <Comparator/2_a.net> or <Comparator/d2_a.net>

Documentation in 'Comparator\_cmp2.dat'

     Realistic data for comparators <Comparator/2_a.net> or <Comparator/d2_a.net>

Documentation in 'Counter\bincount.net'

     BINARY COUNTER   BINARY WORD  (8 BITS WIDE)

     USAGE:  node cycle  cell plsnam  <Counter/bincount.net>  b7..0

      input    :  none
      output   :  cycle  b7 ...0

      output pattern  0 1 2 ... (n-1) 0 1 2 ... (n-1) 0 ...

                    ____________                 | -> b0
                s1 |            |    s2          | -> b1
      one --(+)----| modulo 256  >----+----------|
             |     |____________|     |          | ...
             |       &delayed         |          |
             |                        |          |
             +------------------------+          | -> b7
                                      |  _____
                                      +-|     |
                                        |EQUAL >---- cycle
                                    0 --|_____|

Documentation in 'Counter\counter.net'

     COUNTER WITH INITIAL VALUE    init, init+in, init+2in, ..

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Counter/counter.net>  in init

                    _______
                 s |       |
      in ---(+)----| DELAY  >--+---o
             |     |_______|   |
             |                 |
             +-----------------+      using node 'integrator'

Documentation in 'Counter\counter2.net'

     COUNTER WITH INITIAL VALUE   init..init, init+1..init+1, init+2..init+2, ..

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Counter/counter2.net>  nd  init

                    _____________
                 s |             |
       1 ---(+)----| MULTDELAY D  >--+---o
             |     |_____________|   |
             |                       |
             +-----------------------+

Documentation in 'Counter\edgecount.net'

     COUNTER OF EDGES OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG OR DIGITAL)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Counter/edgecount.net>  in level (edge)

             edge = (positive) or (negative) or (dual)

             very simple way to control or to stop a
             simulation after one or several periods
             of a signal.

             _______                 _______
            |       |  $t       $s  |       |
      $in --|TRIGGER >-----(+)------| DELAY  >--+-- $out
            |_______|       |       |_______|   |
                |           |                   |
                |           +-------------------+
              $lev

Documentation in 'Counter\modcnt.net'

     DIGITAL COUNTER MODULO N  WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Counter/modcnt.net>  n  in init

      input    :  in
      output   :  out
      parameter:  n      (must be positive)
      initial  :  init

                       n
                   ____|____
               s1 |         |
      in --(+)----|   MOD    >---+-- out
            |     |_________|    |
            |      &delayed      |
            |                    |
            +--------------------+

Documentation in 'Counter\modcnt2.net'

     DIGITAL COUNTER MODULO N  WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Counter/modcnt2.net>  n in d init

      input    :  in
      output   :  out
      parameter:  n      (must be positive)
      parameter:  d      (must be positive)
      initial  :  init

                       n
                   ____|_____      _____________
               s1 |          | s2 |             |
      in --(+)----|   MOD     >---| MULTDELAY D  >--+-- out
            |     |__________|    |_____________|   |
            |                                       |
            +---------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Counter\modcntr.net'

     DIGITAL COUNTER MODULO N  WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Counter/modcntr.net>  n in reset init

      input    :  in
      output   :  out
      parameter:  n     (must be positive)
      reset    :  reset (0 or 1)
      initial  :  init

      output pattern  0 1 2 ... (n-1) 0 1 2 ... (n-1) 0 ...

                   n            reset
                  _|_          ___|___
              s1 |   | s2     |       |
      in --(+)---|MOD >-------|       |        out
            |    |___|        | RELAY  >--+----
            |          init --|       |   |
            |                 |_______|   |
            |                 &delayed    |
            |                             |
            +-----------------------------+

Documentation in 'Counter\modcntr2.net'

     DIGITAL COUNTER MODULO N  WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Counter/modcntr2.net>  n in d reset init

      input    :  in
      output   :  out
      parameter:  n     (must be positive)
      parameter:  d     (must be positive)
      reset    :  reset (0 or 1)
      initial  :  init

                   n           reset
                  _|_          __|__
              s1 |   | s2     |     |     ____________
      in --(+)---|MOD >-------|     | s3 |            |       out
            |    |___|        |RELAY >---|MULTDELAY D  >--+----
            |          init --|     |    |____________|   |
            |                 |_____|                     |
            |                                             |
            +---------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Data_Strobe_Encoding\DSE.net'

     Data Strobe Encoder:   Signals 'do', 'so' are the Data Strobe Encoding of signal 'di'

     Data strobe encoding originated in IEEE 1355 Standard,
     and the IEEE 1394 (also known as FireWire 400) system.

     USAGE:  node void  cell plsnam  <Data_Strobe_Encoding/DSE.net>  do so  di

      Data strobe encoding is an encoding scheme for transmitting data in digital circuits.
      It uses 2 signal lines, Data and Strobe.
      Either Data or Strobe changes its logical value in one clock cycle, but never both.
      Data is transmitted as-is and strobe changes its state if and only if data stays constant
      between 2 data bits.
      This allows for easy clock recovery with a good jitter tolerance by XORing the 2 signal line values.

      There is an equivalent way to specify the relationship between Data and Strobe.
        - For even-numbered Data bits, Strobe is the opposite of Data.
        - For  odd-numbered Data bits, Strobe is the same as Data.

      From this definition it is more obvious that the XOR of Data and Strobe will yield a clock signal.
      Also, it specifies the simplest means of generating the Strobe signal for a given Data stream.

            __________
           |          |
           |  Data    |-----> do
     si --->  Strobe  |
           |  Encoder |-----> so
           |__________|

                      ___      ___      ___      ___      ___      ___      ___      ___
         ( Clk )  ___|   |____|   |____|   |____|   |____|   |____|   |____|   |____|   |_

                     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
                     V        V        V        V        V        |        V        V
                                                                  V
                     y________n________y        y________y                 y________y
         di = do  ___|                 |________|        |________n________|        |_____
                       1.....   1.....   0.....   1.....   0.....   0.....   1.....   0...

                              |                                   |
                              V                                   V

                              y________n________n________n________y
              so  ___n________|                                   |________n________n_____

                       0.....   1.....   1.....   1.....   1.....   0.....   0.....   0...

Documentation in 'DC_removal\dcr0.net'

     DESCRIPTION IN Z DOMAIN OF A SIMPLE ANALOG REAL TIME DC REMOVAL FILTER

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <DC_Removal/dcr0.net>  i  alpha

             The closer alpha is to unity, the narrower the frequency notch at zero Hz.
             Example in reference paper:  alpha = 0.95

              1 -       z^-1
     o  = i * --------------
              1 - alpha z^-1

            denominator          numerator

               s0
      i -->(+)----------------+------->(+)--- o
            |               __|__       |
            |              |     |      |[-]
            |              |DELAY|      |
            |              |_____|      |
            |                 |      s1 |
            +----[*alpha]<----+---------+

Documentation in 'DC_removal\dcr1.net'

     DESCRIPTION IN Z DOMAIN OF AN ANALOG REAL TIME DC REMOVAL FILTER

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <DC_Removal/dcr1.net>   i  d

             >>>>   d must be an ODD integer larger than 1!

         ................................. MA ...........................
                                                            ______
                                          s12        s14   |      | s15 -
     in -+-----------------------------(+)---(+)---------+-| *1/d  >----(+)- out
         |  _______        _______      |-    |          | |______|      |
         | |       |      |       |     |     |   _____  |               |
         | |(d-1)/2|  s10 |(d+1)/2| s11 |     |  |     | |               |
         +-|        >--+--|        >----+     +-<  del |-+               |
           | del   |   |  | del   |          s13 |_____|                 |
           |_______|   |  |_______|                                      |
                       |                                                 |
                       +-------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'DC_removal\dcr2.net'

     DESCRIPTION IN Z DOMAIN OF AN ANALOG REAL TIME DC REMOVAL FILTER

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <DC_Removal/dcr2.net>   i   d

             >>>>   d must be an integer strictly larger than 2!

        ................. 1st MA ............................... 2nd MA ....
                                                     ______       _____
                                   s12        s14   |      | s15 |     | s25 -
     in --+---------------------(+)---(+)---------+-| *1/D  >----| MA D >----(+)-- out
          |  _____               |-    |          | |______|     |_____|      |
          | |     |      _____   |     |   _____  |                           |
          | | D-1 | s10 |     |  |     |  |     | |                           |
          +-|      >-+--| del  >-+     +-<  del |-+                           |
            | del |  |  |_____| s11   s13 |_____|                             |
            |_____|  |                                                   s10  |
                     +--------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'DC_removal\dcr4.net'

     DESCRIPTION IN Z DOMAIN OF AN ANALOG REAL TIME DC REMOVAL FILTER

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <DC_Removal/dcr4.net>   i   d

             >>>>   d must be a constant integer strictly larger than 2 !

        ............ 1st MA ...................... 2nd MA ..... 3rd MA ..... 4th MA ....
                                       _____       ______       ______       ______
                      s12      s14    |     | s15 |      | s25 |      | s35 |      | s45 -
     in -+---------(+)---(+)--------+-| *1/D >----| MA  D >----| MA  D >----| MA  D >---(+)--- out
         |  _____   |-    |         | |_____|     |______|     |______|     |______|     |
         | |     |  |     |   ____  |                                                    |
         | | D   |  |     |  |    | |                                                    |
         +-|      >-+     +-< del |-+                                        _____       |
           | del |  |    s13 |____|                                         |     |      |
           |_____|  |                                                       | D-2 |  s16 |
                    +-------------------------------------------------------|      >-----+
                    s11                                                     | del |
                                                                            |_____|

Documentation in 'Detect\d.net'

     DOWN TRANSITION DETECTOR (BIT)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Detect/d.net>  in

     out   output
     in    input of the cell

                _______                    _____
               |       | s1               |     |
     in ---+---| DELAY  >-----------------|     |
           |   |_______|      _____       | AND  >-- out
           |                 |     |  s2  |     |
           +-----------------| INV  >-----|_____|
                             |_____|

Documentation in 'Detect\u.net'

     UP TRANSITION DETECTOR (BIT)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Detect/u.net>  in

     out   output
     in    input of the cell

               _______        _____
              |       |  s1  |     |
     in ---+--|  INV   >-----|     |
           |  |_______|      | AND  >-- out
           |  &delayed       |     |
           |                 |     |
           +-----------------|_____|

Documentation in 'Detect\ud.net'

     TRANSITION DETECTOR (BIT)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Detect/ud.net>  in

                              _____
                             |     |  i1  _____
           +-----------------| INV  >----|     |
           |                 |_____|     |     |   a1
           |   _______                   | AND  >--+
           |  |       |  d               |     |   |   ____
           +--| DELAY  >--+--------------|_____|   +--|    |
           |  |_______|   |                           |    |
           |              |   _____                   | OR  >--- out
           |              |  |     |  i2  _____       |    |
     in ---+              +--| INV  >----|     |   +--|____|
           |                 |_____|     |     |   |
           |                             | AND  >--+
           |                             |     |   a2
           +-----------------------------|_____|

Documentation in 'Differentiator\1b.net'

     1 INPUT SAMPLED CENTRAL-DIFFERENCE DIFFERENTIATOR   (analog or digital)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Differentiator/1b.net>  in

      y(n) = ( x(n) - x(n-2) ) / 2

           Usable between 0 to 0.08*Fs

               ____    ____      ____
              |    |  |    | d1 |    |    _____
           +--| del >-| del >--(-)   | s2|     |
           |  |____|  |____|    | sub >--| / 2  >--> out
      in --+-------------------(+)   |   |_____|
                                |____|

Documentation in 'Differentiator\1c.net'

     1 INPUT SAMPLED DIFFERENCER    (analog or digital)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Differentiator/1c.net>  in

               x(n)                     x(n-6)
      y(n) = - ---- + x(n-2) - x(n-4) + ------
               16                         16

           Usable between 0 to 0.17*Fs

                   ____    ____
             d3   |    |  |    |
               +-< del |-< del |-------+-------------------+
               |  |____|  |____|       |                   |
               |   ____    ____        |   ____    ____    |
               |  |    |  |    | d1    |  |    |  |    |   |
      in --+---|--|del  >-|del  >--+---|--| del >-| del >--+
           |   |  |____|  |____|   |   |  |____|  |____|    d2
          _|___|_                 _|___|_
         |(-) (+)|               |(-) (+)|
         |  sub  |               |  sub  |
         |___ ___|               |___ ___|
             V                       V   _______
             |                       |  |       |
          s4 |   _______          s5 +--|(+)    |
             |  |       | g6            |   sum  >---- out
             +--| *1/16  >--------------|(+)    |
                |_______|               |_______|

     Group delay is EXACTLY 3

Documentation in 'DSD\m1.net'

     1ST ORDER DIGITAL SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '1'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <DSD/m1.net>  in err refh refl

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

                         s1        ______
     in--(+)----------------+-----|+     |
          |                 |     | COMP  >----+--------out
          | s2              |   +-|______|     |
          |     _____       |  _|_             |
          |    |     |  err |     th           |
          +---< DELAY|-----(+)             ____v____
               |_____|      | -           |   ctr   |
                            |         s0  |        0|---refl
                            +------------<    MUX   |
                                          |        1|---refh
                                          |_________|

Documentation in 'DSD\m11.net'

     2ND ORDER DIGITAL SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '1+1'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <DSD/m11.net>  in err refh refl

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

            ____________________
           |                    |  o1
     in ---|in               out >---------------------------------------------------(+)--- out
           |    dsdm1           |      ____________________       _______________     |
           |    [refh,refl]     |  s1 |                    |     |               |    |
           |                 err >----|in               out >----| differentiator >---+ s2
           |____________________|     |    dsdm1           |  o2 |_______________|
                                      |    [refh,refl]     |
                                      |                 err >------------------------------ err
                                      |____________________|

Documentation in 'DSD\m2.net'

     2ND ORDER DIGITAL SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR '2'

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <DSD/m2.net>  in err refh refl

     out   output of the cell
     in    input of the cell
     err   quantization error
     refh  digital reference (hi):  e.g.          ref
     refl  digital reference (lo):  e.g. Zero or -ref

                   s1                       s4              ______
     in--(+)----------------+-----(+)----------------+-----|+     |
          |                 |      |                 |     | COMP  >----+--------out
          | s2              |      | s5              |   +-|______|     |
          |     _____       |      |     _____       |  _|_             |
          |    |     |  s3  |      |    |     |  err |     th           |
          +---< DELAY|-----(+)     +---< DELAY|-----(+)             ____v____
               |_____|      |-          |_____|      |-            |   ctr   |
                            |                        |          s0 |        0|---refl
                            +------------------------+------------<    MUX   |
                                                                   |        1|---refh
                                                                   |_________|

Documentation in 'DWA\16_d.net'

     1ST ORDER  DATA WEIGHTED AVERAGING,  DWA16

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam <DWA/16_d.net> in

     This cell dither the mismatching of analog elements by rotating the summing bits along the elements.

         $in  : binary coded from 0 to 16           (5 bits)
         $out : weighted by the number of "1" bits (16 bits)

             1  |\
          +--/--|c \
          |     |    \    Full Adder 4 bits
     in --+--/--|a     \
             4  |       |                                                            cout
                 \ Carry >--------------------------------------------------------------+
                  |     |   4                                                           |
                 /  Sum  >--/--+ ptr                                    ______        __V__
                |       |      |                                 +-----|      |  16  |     |
                |      /       |                                 |     | BWOR  >--/--|1    |
             +--|b   /         |                                 |  +--|______|      |     |   16
             |  |  /           |                                 |  |   ______       | MUX  >--/-- out
             |  |/     _____   |   ____________                  +--|--|      |  16  |     |
             |        |     |  |  |            |   16            |  |  | BWAND >--/--|0    |
             +-------< delay|--+--| thermometer >--/-------------+  +--|______|      |_____|
             | dptr   |_____|     |____________|                    |
             |                     ____________        ______       |
             |                    |            |   16 |      |  16  |
             +--------------------| thermometer >--/--| BWINV >--/--+
                                  |____________|      |______|

Documentation in 'DWA\4_d.net'

     1ST ORDER  DATA WEIGHTED AVERAGING,  DWA4

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam <DWA/4_d.net> in

     This cell dither the mismatching of analog elements by rotating the summing bits along the elements.

         $in  : binary coded from 0 to 8           (2 bits)
         $out : weighted by the number of "1" bits (4 bits)

             1  |\
          +--/--|c \
          |     |    \    Full Adder 2 bits
     in --+--/--|a     \
             2  |       |                                                           cout
                 \ Carry >--------------------------------------------------------------+
                  |     |   2                                                           |
                 /  Sum  >--/--+ ptr                                    ______        __V__
                |       |      |                                 +-----|      |   4  |     |
                |      /       |                                 |     | BWOR  >--/--|1    |
             +--|b   /         |                                 |  +--|______|      |     |   4
             |  |  /           |                                 |  |   ______       | MUX  >--/-- out
             |  |/     _____   |   ____________                  +--|--|      |   4  |     |
             |        |     |  |  |            |   4             |  |  | BWAND >--/--|0    |
             +-------< delay|--+--| thermometer >--/-------------+  +--|______|      |_____|
             | dptr   |_____|     |____________|                    |
             |                     ____________        ______       |
             |                    |            |   4  |      |   4  |
             +--------------------| thermometer >--/--| BWINV >--/--+
                                  |____________|      |______|

Documentation in 'DWA\8.net'

     1ST ORDER DATA WEIGHTED AVERAGING,  DWA8

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam <DWA/8.net> in

     This cell dither the mismatches of analog elements by rotating the summing bits along the elements.

         $in  : binary coded from 0 to 8           (4 bits)
         $out : weighted by the number of "1" bits (8 bits)

     Example

     LOOP_INDEX         (in = 3)        (in = 7)

              0         00000111        01111111
              1         00111000        10111111
              2         11000001        11011111
              3         00001110        11101111
              4         01110000        11110111
              5         10000011        11111011
              6         00011100        11111101
              7         11100000        11111110
              8         00000111        01111111
              9         00111000        10111111
             10         11000001        11011111
             11         00001110        11101111
             ..         ........        ........

Documentation in 'DWA\8_d.net'

     1ST ORDER  DATA WEIGHTED AVERAGING,  DWA2

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam <DWA/8_d.net> in

     This cell dither the mismatches of analog elements by rotating the summing bits along the elements.

         $in  : binary coded from 0 to 8           (4 bits)
         $out : weighted by the number of "1" bits (8 bits)

             1  |\
          +--/--|c \
          |     |    \    Full Adder 3 bits
     in --+--/--|a     \
             3  |       |                                                           cout
                 \ Carry >--------------------------------------------------------------+
                  |     |   3                                                           |
                 /  Sum  >--/--+ ptr                                    ______        __V__
                |       |      |                                 +-----|      |   8  |     |
                |      /       |                                 |     | BWOR  >--/--|1    |
             +--|b   /         |                                 |  +--|______|      |     |   8
             |  |  /           |                                 |  |   ______       | MUX  >--/-- out
             |  |/     _____   |   ____________                  +--|--|      |   8  |     |
             |        |     |  |  |            |   8             |  |  | BWAND >--/--|0    |
             +-------< delay|--+--| thermometer >--/-------------+  +--|______|      |_____|
             | dptr   |_____|     |____________|                    |
             |                     ____________        ______       |
             |                    |            |   8  |      |   8  |
             +--------------------| thermometer >--/--| BWINV >--/--+
                                  |____________|      |______|

Documentation in 'Filters\lp1.net'

     ASYMMETRICAL LOW PASS FILTER    ORDER 1

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Filters/lp1.net>  vin  taurise taufall

     **** IMPORTANT ****  VALID ONLY IF A STAIRCASE IS APPLIED!

                          IT IS USING LOCAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY 'FSL'

     THIS IS NOT A LINEAR FILTER WHEN TIME CONSTANTS ARE NOT EQUAL!

     Analog first order lowpass filter, staircase input

               __________________
              |                  |
       vin ---|  RISE: tau_rise   >-- vout
              |                  |
              |  FALL: tau_fall  |
            --|__________________|--

     Use to build a physical waveform from a digital signal

     Netlist based on resolution of corresponding differential equations:

                            ______
      vin -----------------|      |
                           |       >-+---- vout
            +--------------|______|  |
            |    ______              |
            |   |      |             |
            +--< DELAY |-------------+ (initial condition)
           vi   |______|

Documentation in 'Filters\lprc1.net'

     Analog RC 1st order LPF cell, staircase input

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  "<Filters/lprc1.net>  vin  R C

              ______
             |      |      R
       vin---|buffer >---/\/\/----+------>vout
             |______|             |
                                ===== C
                                  |
       ---------------------------+------

     Implementation  (after solving differential equation, step response)

                   .....................
                   :                   :    tau = R*C
      vin----+-----:---------------+   :    e   = exp(-1.0/(tau*FSL))
             |     :               |   :
             |     :             + |   :
             |     :              (+)--:----+---->vout
             |     :    _____    + |   :    |
           - |  s1 :   |     |     |   :    |
            (+)----:---| *e   >----+   :    |
           + |     :   |_____|         :    |
             |     :              WSUM :    |
             |     :...................:    |
             |          _____               |
             |  s2     |     |              |
             +--------< DELAY|--------------+
                       |_____|

Documentation in 'Filters\ma.net'

     Moving averager

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Filters/ma.net>   vin   num

                                                         _________
                                  s2             s4     |         |
      in --+------------------(+)----(+)-------------+--| * 1/num  >-- out
           |   ____________    |-     |    _______   |  |_________|
           |  |            |   |      |   |       |  |
           +--| num delays  >--+      +--<  delay |--+
              |____________|   s1    s3   |_______|

Documentation in 'Filters\nyquist.net'

     Nyquist filter

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Filters/nyquist.net>  vin

Documentation in 'GPS\coordinates.net'

     USAGE    node (void) cell gps  <GPS/coordinates.net>  lat lon tz  id <"gps_file">

     Extract coordinates and time zone from a file of data <"gps_file"> :
     FYI, you can use the file 'GPS_coordinates.dat' in this directory.

     col1      col2       col3      col4
       id  latitude  longitude  timezone

Documentation in 'Heat\liquid.net'

     USAGE  node tempo cell   plsnam  <Heat/liquid.net>  mass heat_capacitance  powin temp_initial

Documentation in 'Heat\water.net'

     USAGE  node  tempo  cell  plsnam  <Heat/water.net>  mass  powin  temp_initial  $MODE

     MODE is one of this keyword:   ISOCHORIC or ISOBARIC

      (wikipedia)
      1.  An isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process,
          is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constant.
          An isochoric process is exemplified by the heating or the cooling of the contents of a sealed, inelastic container:
          The thermodynamic process is the addition or removal of heat; the isolation of the contents of the container establishes
          the closed system; and the inability of the container to deform imposes the constant-volume condition.
          The isochoric process here should be a quasi-static process.

      2.  An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure stays constant. The heat transferred to the system
          does work, but also changes the internal energy of the system.

Documentation in 'Heat\water.dat'

     Pure water

     Water Heat Capacity:       Isochoric        Isobaric

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1.net'

     1 INPUT  NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1.net>  k1 in1p  init
             in1p    delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
            +         |     |  s01pd |       |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| * k1   >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *  1   >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1i1.net'

     1 NON INVERTING DELAYING INPUT AND 1 INVERTING NON DELAYING INPUT SWC INTEGRATOR
      WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1i1.net>  k1 in1p k2 in2m  init
             in1p    delayed input
             in2m    non delayed input

                            C2
                              ||
            in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                          |   ||   |          |
      INVERTING           |        |          |
      NON DELAYING       PHIb     PHIb        |
                          |        |          |           Cs
                         _|_      _|_         |         ||
                                              |   +-----||---+
                            C1                |   |     ||   |
                              ||              |   |  |\      |
            in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                          |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
      NON INVERTING       |        |              +--|  /
      DELAYING           PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                          |        |              |
                         _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1i1_a.net'

     1 NON INVERTING DELAYING INPUT AND 1 INVERTING NON DELAYING INPUT SWC INTEGRATOR
      WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1i1_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p k2 in2m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p    delayed input
          in2m    non delayed input

                            C2
                              ||
            in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                          |   ||   |          |
      INVERTING           |        |          |
      NON DELAYING       PHIb     PHIb        |
                          |        |          |           Cs
                         _|_      _|_         |         ||
                                              |   +-----||---+
                            C1                |   |     ||   |
                              ||              |   |  |\      |
            in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                          |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
      NON INVERTING       |        |              +--|  /
      DELAYING           PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                          |        |             off
                         _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               |  -                  |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               |  -   |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1i1_ac.net'

     1 NON INVERTING DELAYING INPUT AND 1 INVERTING NON DELAYING INPUT SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR
      WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1i1_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p k2 in2m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p    delayed input
          in2m    non delayed input

                            C2
                              ||
            in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                          |   ||   |          |
      INVERTING           |        |          |
      NON DELAYING       PHIb     PHIb        |
                          |        |          |           Cs
                         _|_      _|_         |         ||
                                              |   +-----||---+
                            C1                |   |     ||   |
                              ||              |   |  |\      |
            in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                          |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
      NON INVERTING       |        |              +--|  /
      DELAYING           PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                          |        |             off    |
                         _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                        |
                                                        |
      chop ---------------------------------------------+

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1_a.net'

     1 INPUT  NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p    delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| * k1   >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+k1*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |________________|   |
               |                                                             |
               +-------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1_ac.net'

     1 INPUT  NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  chop init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p    delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off   |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_   |
                                                 |
                                                 |
      chop --------------------------------------+

                       _____          _______
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      __________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                  |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+k1*mu)   >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |__________________|   |
               |                                                               |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d1_r.net'

     1 INPUT DELAYED NON INVERTING INTEGRATOR.
     Opamp is a one pole transconductance amplifier, with offset, limited gain, bandwidth and slew-rate.

     Sampling    during phase  PHIa.
     Integration during phase  PHIb.

     Input is sampled at END of PHIa.
     Output to consider is therefore END of PHIa, unless another phase is used to sample the output of the integrator.

     Directive CAPACITOR_FOM gives the ratio between capacitance and parasitics,
     (see file 'User/intreal.hdr' in header library for default value).

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d1_r.net>  file_data  ci cs cswl vi

     Data concerning the opamp must be placed in the data file '$file_data'

           integration    sampling
         <-------------------------> 1.0/FSL
         :                         :
        _:              ___________:              ___________
         \_____________/ PHIa      \_____________/ PHIa      \__
           ___________               ___________               _
        __/ PHIb      \_____________/ PHIb      \_____________/

                                               Cs
                                                 ||
                                           +-----||---+
                    Ci                     |     ||   |
                      ||                   |  |\      |
      Vi --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb--------+--|  \    | Vs
                  |   ||    |                 |    >--+-----PHIa---+------+
                  |         |              +--|  /                 |      |
                 PHIb      PHIa            |  |/                 =====   PHIb
                  |         |             off                Cswl  |      |
                 _|_       _|_            _|_   gm                _|_    _|_
                                                gds
                                                imax

               _______________
              |               |        _______
      vi -----|               |       |       |
              | intreal.hdr    >------| DELAY  >----- vout
      off-----|               |       |_______|
              |_______________|       &delayed

       gm:   GM  of opamp
      gds:   GDS of opamp
     imax:   max current available at the output of the opamp
      off:   offset of the opamp
       ca:   input capacitance of the opamp
       co:   output capacitance of the opamp
       ci:   input capacitor i of the integrator
       cs:   integration capacitor of the integrator
     cswl:   switched load capacitance of the integrator

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d2.net'

     2 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d2.net>  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  init
             in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
                      |     |  s02pd |       |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d2_a.net'

     2 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d2_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p   init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d2_ac.net'

     2 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d2_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                       _____          _______
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d2_r.net'

     2 INPUTS DELAYED NON INVERTING INTEGRATOR.
     Opamp is a one pole transconductance amplifier, with offset, limited gain, bandwidth and slew-rate.

     Sampling    during phase  PHIa.
     Integration during phase  PHIb.

     Input is sampled at END of PHIa.
     Output to consider is therefore END of PHIa, unless another phase is used to sample the output of the integrator.

     Directive CAPACITOR_FOM gives the ratio between capacitance and parasitics,
     (see file 'User/intreal.hdr' in header library for default value).

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d2_r.net>  file_data  ci cj cs cswl vi vj

     Data concerning the opamp must be placed in the data file '$file_data'

           integration    sampling
         <-------------------------> 1.0/FSL
         :                         :
        _:              ___________:              ___________
         \_____________/ PHIa      \_____________/ PHIa      \__
           ___________               ___________               _
        __/ PHIb      \_____________/ PHIb      \_____________/

                                               Cs
                                                 ||
                                           +-----||---+
                    Ci                     |     ||   |
                      ||                   |  |\      |
      Vi --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb---+----+--|  \    |  Vs
                  |   ||    |         |       |    >--+-----PHIa---+------+
                  |         |         |    +--|  /                 |      |
                 PHIb      PHIa       |    |  |/                 =====   PHIb
                  |         |         |   off                Cswl  |      |
                 _|_       _|_        |   _|_   gm                _|_    _|_
                                      |         gds
                    Cj                |         imax
                      ||              |
      Vj --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb---+
                  |   ||    |
                  |         |
                 PHIb      PHIa
                  |         |
                 _|_       _|_

               _______________
              |               |
      vi -----|               |        _______
              |               |       |       |
      vj -----| intreal.hdr    >------| DELAY  >----- vout
              |               |       |_______|
      off-----|               |       &delayed
              |_______________|

       gm:   GM  of opamp
      gds:   GDS of opamp
     imax:   max current available at the output of the opamp
      off:   offset of the opamp
       ca:   input capacitance of the opamp
       co:   output capacitance of the opamp
       ci:   input capacitor i of the integrator
       cj:   input capacitor j of the integrator
       cs:   integration capacitor of the integrator
     cswl:   switched load capacitance of the integrator

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d3.net'

     3 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d3.net>  k1 in1p k2 in2p k3 in3p  init
             in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
                      |     |  s03pd |       |
      in3p -----------|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d3_a.net'

     3 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d3_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  k3 in3p  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                        |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |________________________|   |
               |                                                                     |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d3_ac.net'

     3 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d3_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  k3 in3p  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                       _____          _______
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                        |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |________________________|   |
               |                                                                     |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d3_r.net'

     3 INPUTS DELAYED NON INVERTING INTEGRATOR.
     Opamp is a one pole transconductance amplifier,
     with offset, limited gain, bandwidth and slew-rate.

     Sampling    during phase  PHIa.
     Integration during phase  PHIb.

     Input is sampled at END of PHIa.
     Output to consider is therefore END of PHIa, unless another phase is used to sample the output of the integrator.

     Directive CAPACITOR_FOM gives the ratio between capacitance and parasitics,
     (see file 'User/intreal.hdr' in header library for default value).

     USAGE:  node vout  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d3_r.net>  file_data  ci cj ck cs cswl vi vj vk

     Data concerning the opamp must be placed in the data file '$file_data'

           integration    sampling
         <-------------------------> 1.0/FSL
         :                         :
        _:              ___________:              ___________
         \_____________/ PHIa      \_____________/ PHIa      \__
           ___________               ___________               _
        __/ PHIb      \_____________/ PHIb      \_____________/

                                               Cs
                                                 ||
                                           +-----||---+
                    Ci                     |     ||   |
                      ||                   |  |\      |
      Vi --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb---+----+--|  \    | Vs
                  |   ||    |         |       |    >--+-----PHIa---+------+
                  |         |         |    +--|  /                 |      |
                 PHIb      PHIa       |    |  |/                 =====   PHIb
                  |         |         |   off                Cswl  |      |
                 _|_       _|_        |   _|_   gm                _|_    _|_
                                      |         gds
                    Cj                |         imax
                      ||              |
      Vj --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb---+
                  |   ||    |         |
                  |         |         |
                 PHIb      PHIa       |
                  |         |         |
                 _|_       _|_        |
                                      |
                    Ck                |
                      ||              |
      Vk --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIb---+
                  |   ||    |
                  |         |
                 PHIb      PHIa
                  |         |
                 _|_       _|_

                _______________
               |               |
      vi ------|               |
               |               |        _______
      vj ------|               |       |       |
               |  intreal.hdr   >------| DELAY  >----- vout
      vk ------|               |       |_______|
               |               |       &delayed
      off------|               |
               |_______________|

       gm:   GM  of opamp
      gds:   GDS of opamp
     imax:   max current available at the output of the opamp
      off:   offset of the opamp
       ca:   input capacitance of the opamp
       co:   output capacitance of the opamp
       ci:   input capacitor i of the integrator
       cj:   input capacitor j of the integrator
       ck:   input capacitor k of the integrator
       cs:   integration capacitor of the integrator
     cswl:   switched load capacitance of the integrator

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d4.net'

      4 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d4.net>  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  k3 in3p  k4 in4p  init
             in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
                      |     |  s04pd |       |
      in4p -----------|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p -----------|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d4_a.net'

     4 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d4_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  k3 in3p  k4 in4p  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                       _____          _______
            +    s04p |     |  s04pd |       |
      in4p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ___________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                           |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |___________________________|   |
               |                                                                        |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\d4_ac.net'

     4 INPUTS NON INVERTING DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/d4_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p  k2 in2p  k3 in3p  k4 in4p  chop init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIa        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1p --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIb---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIa            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                       _____          _______
            +    s04p |     |  s04pd |       |
      in4p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | +    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               |      |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+ +                                |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               |      |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+ +                                |
                       _____          _______     |      ___________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                           |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |___________________________|   |
               |                                                                        |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i1.net'

     1 INPUT  INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i1.net>  k1 in1m  init
             in1m    non delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i1_a.net'

     1 INPUT  INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i1_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m    non delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
            +    s01m                |       |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      __________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                  |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+k1*mu)   >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |__________________|   |
               |                                                               |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i1_ac.net'

     1 INPUT  INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i1_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
             in1m    non delayed input

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                                      _______
            +    s01m                |       |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      __________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                  |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+k1*mu)   >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |__________________|   |
               |                                                               |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i2.net'

     2 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i2.net>  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  init
             in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i2_a.net'

     2 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i2_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i2_ac.net'

     2 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i2_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _____________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                     |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_____________________|   |
               |                                                                  |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i3.net'

     3 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i3.net>  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  init
             in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in3m --------------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i3_a.net'

     3 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i3_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
            +    s03m                |       |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                        |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |________________________|   |
               |                                                                     |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i3_ac.net'

     3 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i3_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                                      _______
            +    s03m                |       |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                        |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |________________________|   |
               |                                                                     |
               +---------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i4.net'

     4 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i4.net>  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  k4 in4m  init
             in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+        mu = 1/A
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |              |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in4m --------------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in3m --------------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i4_a.net'

     4 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i4_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  k4 in4m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off
                   _|_      _|_            _|_

                                      _______
            +    s04m                |       |
      in4m ---(+)--------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s03m                |       |    |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ___________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                           |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |___________________________|   |
               |                                                                        |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\i4_ac.net'

     4 INPUTS INVERTING NON DELAYING SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator1/i4_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1m  k2 in2m  k3 in3m  k4 in4m  chop init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
           in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+
                    |   ||   |          |
                    |        |          |
                   PHIb     PHIb        |
                    |        |          |
                   _|_      _|_         |           Cs
                                        |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||---+---PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||   |                 | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |        |              +--|  /
                   PHIb     PHIb            |  |/
                    |        |             off    |
                   _|_      _|_            _|_    |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

                                      _______
            +    s04m                |       |
      in4m ---(+)--------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s03m                |       |    |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)        mu = 1/A
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ___________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                           |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1+mu+(k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |___________________________|   |
               |                                                                        |
               +------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator1\_op1.dat'

     Quasi-Idealized data for the integrators <Integrator1/(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Integrator1\_op2.dat'

     Realistic data for the integrators <Integrator1/(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Integrator1\_op3.dat'

     Realistic data for the integrators <Integrator1/(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Integrator1\_opreal.dat'

     EXAMPLE OF AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS

                     .
                     | -
         (a)         |    -
     -----+-------+-(-)      -
          :          | OPAMP    - --+-----+
          :          |       -     (o)    :
     Ca   :   +   +-(+)   -               :   +
       :::::::    |  | -               :::::::
          :   -   |                  Co   :   -
          :       |                       :
          :       |                       :
         -.-     -.-                     -.-

       gm :   GM  of opamp
       gds:   GDS of opamp
      imax:   max current available at the output of the opamp
        ca:   input capacitance of the opamp
        co:   output capacitance of the opamp

        FOLD1D  from Sami Kiriaki design data
        'typic' at 3.0V
        Biased at 60ua.

Documentation in 'Integrator2\1.net'

     2 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/1.net>  k1 in1p in1m  init
             in1m    non delayed input
             in1p    delayed input

      ********
      CAUTION:      z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                                                     Cs
                                                   ||
                                             +-----||---+
                      C1                     |     ||   |
                        ||                   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa--------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                 |    >--+---PHIa--- out
                    |         |              +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb            |  |/
                    |         |              |
                    |        _|_            _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      in1m sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      in1p sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'in1m', 'in1p' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'in1m' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'in1p' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'in1p' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\1_a.net'

     2 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/1_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m    non delayed input
          in1p    delayed input

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa--- out
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off
                    |        _|_           _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      in1m sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      in1p sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'in1m', 'in1p' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'in1m' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'in1p' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'in1p' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s01m                |       |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ______________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                      |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |______________________|   |
               |                                                                   |
               +-------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\1_ac.net'

     2 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/1_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m    non delayed input
          in1p    delayed input

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                                                    Cs
                                                  ||
                                            +-----||---+
                      C1                    |     ||   |
                        ||                  |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa-------+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off    |
                    |        _|_           _|_    |
      in1p ---------+                             |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      in1m sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      in1p sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'in1m', 'in1p' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'in1m' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'in1p' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'in1p' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s01m                |       |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ______________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                      |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |______________________|   |
               |                                                                   |
               +-------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\2.net'

     4 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/2.net>  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  init
             in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs
             in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |            Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |          ||
                                        |    +-----||---+
                      C1                |    |     ||   |
                        ||              |    |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+----+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |              +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb            |  |/
                    |         |              |
                    |        _|_            _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\2_a.net'

     4 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/2_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off
                    |        _|_           _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                         |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_________________________|   |
               |                                                                      |
               +----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\2_ac.net'

     4 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/2_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C2
                        ||
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off    |
                    |        _|_           _|_    |
      in1p ---------+                             |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s02m                |       |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                         |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_________________________|   |
               |                                                                      |
               +----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\3.net'

     6 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/3.net>  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  init
             in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs
             in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |            Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |          ||
                                        |    +-----||---+
                      C1                |    |     ||   |
                        ||              |    |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+----+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |              +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb            |  |/
                    |         |              |
                    |        _|_            _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in3m --------------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p -----------|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\3_a.net'

     6 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/3_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off
                    |        _|_           _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s03m                |       |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               |  -   |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ____________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                            |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |____________________________|   |
               |                                                                         |
               +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\3_ac.net'

     6 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/3_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  chop init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p, in3p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C3
                        ||
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off    |
                    |        _|_           _|_    |
      in1p ---------+                             |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s03m                |       |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      ____________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                            |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |____________________________|   |
               |                                                                         |
               +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\4.net'

     8 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/4.net>  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  k4 in4p in4m  init
             in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs
             in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in4p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |            Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |          ||
                                        |    +-----||---+
                      C1                |    |     ||   |
                        ||              |    |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+----+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                 |    >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |              +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb            |  |/
                    |         |              |
                    |        _|_            _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
                                     |       |
      in4m --------------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s04pd |       |    |
      in4p -----------|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in3m --------------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p -----------|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in2m --------------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p -----------|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                                      _______     |
                                     |       |    |
      in1m --------------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
                                     |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p -----------|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)
                      |_____|        |_______|    |
                                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |
               +------|delay >-------| *   1  >--(+)--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|        |
               |                                      |
               +--------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\4_a.net'

     8 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/4_a.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  k4 in4p in4m  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in4p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off
                    |        _|_           _|_
      in1p ---------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s04m                |       |
      in4m ---(+)--------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s04p |     |  s04pd |       |    |
      in4p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s03m                |       |    |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |      _______________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                               |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_______________________________|   |
               |                                                                            |
               +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\4_ac.net'

     8 INPUTS ON 2 PHASES SWC CHOPPED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE, FINITE GAIN, AND OFFSET

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Integrator2/4_ac.net>  "parm.dat"  k1 in1p in1m  k2 in2p in2m  k3 in3p in3m  k4 in4p in4m  chop  init

          "parm.dat"      <<    A, off
          in1m, in2m, in3m, in4m    non delayed inputs
          in1p, in2p, in3p, in4p    delayed inputs

      ********
      CAUTION:   z^0.5 delay between inputs!
      ********

                      C4
                        ||
      in4m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in4p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C3                |
                        ||              |
      in3m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |
      in3p ---------+                   |
                                        |
                      C2                |
                        ||              |
      in2m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+
                    |   ||    |         |
                    |         |         |
                   PHIb      PHIb       |
                    |         |         |
                    |        _|_        |           Cs
      in2p ---------+                   |         ||
                                        |   +-----||---+
                      C1                |   |     ||   |
                        ||              |   |  |\      |
      in1m --PHIa---+---||----+--PHIa---+---+--|  \    |
                    |   ||    |                | A  >--+---PHIa---
                    |         |             +--|  /
                   PHIb      PHIb           |  |/
                    |         |            off    |
                    |        _|_           _|_    |
      in1p ---------+                             |
                                                  |
                                                  |
      chop ---------------------------------------+

      ********
      TIMING:      tweaked to fit the computation of a cycle based simulation
      ********

                                             _____       _____       _____
      PHIa                             _____|  a  |_____|  a  |_____|  a  |__
                                                  :           :           :
                                       _____       _____       _____       __
      PHIb                               b  |_____|  b  |_____|  b  |_____|
                                            :           :           :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
                                            :     :     :     :     :     :
      inim sampled                          :  -->B     :  -->D     :  -->F
      inip sampled                       -->A        -->C        -->E
                                                  :           :           :
                                                  :           :           :
      output holds results from                   A,B         C,D         E,F

      From the principle of causality, we cannot predict an input.
      Therefore the computations must wait for both inputs

      NAPA computes 'inim', 'inip' and 'out'      X           X           X

      from input    'inim' computed               X           X           X
      from input    'inip' computed before   ---->. X-------->. X-------->.

      *****  If input 'inip' depends on time, use TIME + (0.5/FSL) !!!!

                                      _______
            +    s04m                |       |
      in4m ---(+)--------------------| * -k4  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s04p |     |  s04pd |       |    |
      in4p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k4  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s03m                |       |    |
      in3m ---(+)--------------------| * -k3  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s03p |     |  s03pd |       |    |
      in3p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k3  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s02m                |       |    |
      in2m ---(+)--------------------| * -k2  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s02p |     |  s02pd |       |    |
      in2p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k2  >--(+)
               | -    |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                                      _______     |
            +    s01m                |       |    |
      in1m ---(+)--------------------| * -k1  >--(+)
               | -                   |_______|    |
      off -----+                                  |
                       _____          _______     |
            +    s01p |     |  s01pd |       |    |
      in1p ---(+)-----|delay >-------| *  k1  >--(+)     mu = 1/A
               |      |_____|        |_______|    |
      off -----+  -                               |
                       _____          _______     |      _______________________________
                      |     |  outd  |       |    |     |                               |
               +------|delay >-------|*(1+mu) >--(+)----|* 1/(1 + mu + (k1+k2+k3+k4)*mu) >--+--- out
               |      |_____|        |_______|      s11 |_______________________________|   |
               |                                                                            |
               +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Integrator2\_op1.dat'

     Quasi-Idealized data for the integrators <Integrator2/(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'Integrator2\_op2.dat'

     Realistic data for the integrators <Integrator2/(..)_a.net>

Documentation in 'ISD\m.net'

      THEORETICAL NOISE SHAPING of an analog Nth order Sigma-Delta modulator is added to input signal.

      Signal is delayed accordingly with the order of the modulator.

      *************************************************
      REMARK:  THIS IS NOT A SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR
      *************************************************

      This cell is used for COMPARISON (debug) purpose with the typical noise shaping of simple Sigma-Delta modulators.

     USAGE:   node out cell  plsnam  <ISD/m.net>  in order quantstep

     where:   out      output of the cell
              in       input of the cell
              order    order of the noise shaping (1, 2, 3..)
              quant    quantization step

       orderN --------------------------------+----------------+
                ________________       _______|__________      |
               |                |  nx |                  |  hx |
       in -----| Normalize       >----|    MULTDELAY      >----------------------(+)---> out
               |________________|     |__________________|     |                  |
                                                               |                  |
                ________________                        _______|__________        |
               | Uniform  noise |                      |                  |   he  |
               | generator       >---------------------| N differentiators >------+
               |________________|                      |__________________|

      Quantization step of 1.0 corresponds to +/-0.5 for a one bit quantizer.

Documentation in 'ISD\sigma_delta_1.net'

     Simplistic 1st order sigma-delta modulator

     Usage:   node out cell plsnam <ISD/sigma_delta_1.net> in refh refl

                      ____________
                     |            |           ____________
                 s1  |    z^-1    |   s2     |            |
       X ----(+)-----| ----------  >--------(+)           |
            - |      |  1 - z^-1  |          | comparator  >-----+---- Y
              |      |____________|      +--(-)           |      |
              |     delayed integrator  _|_  |____________|      |
              |                                              ____v____
              |                                             |   ctr   |
              |                                      s3     |        (0)---  refl
              +--------------------------------------------<   mux    |
                                                            |        (1)---  refh
                                                            |_________|

Documentation in 'ISD\sigma_delta_2.net'

     Simplistic 2nd order sigma-delta modulator

     Usage:   node out cell plsnam <ISD/sigma_delta_2.net>  in refh refl

                      ____________               ____________
                     |            |             |            |           ____________
                 s1  |    z^-1    |  s2      s3 |    z^-1    |  s4      |            |
       X ----(+)-----| ----------  >----(+)-----| ----------  >--------(+)           |
            - |      |  1 - z^-1  |    - |      |  1 - z^-1  |          | comparator  >-----+---- Y
              |      |____________|      | s6   |____________|      +--(-)           |      |
              |    delayed integrator    |    delayed integrator   _|_  |____________|      |
                                     ____^____                                              |
              |                     |         |                                             |
              |                     | * 2.0   |                                             |
              |                     |_________|                                         ____v____
              |                          |                                             |   ctr   |
              |                          |                                    s5       |        (0)---  refl
              +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------<   mux    |
                                                                                       |        (1)---  refh
                                                                                       |_________|

Documentation in 'ISD\sigma_delta_2_ff.net'

     Simplistic 2nd order feedforward sigma-delta modulator

     Usage:   node out cell plsnam <ISD/sigma_delta_2ff.net> in refh refl

                      ____________          ____________
                     |            |        |            |                ____________
                 s1  |    z^-1    |   s2   |    z^-1    |  s3      s5   |            |
       X ----(+)-----| ----------  >---+---| ----------  >----(+)------(+)           |
            - |      |  1 - z^-1  |    |   |  1 - z^-1  |      |        | comparator  >-----+---- Y
              |      |____________|    |   |____________|      |    +--(-)           |      |
              |    delayed integrator  | delayed integrator    |   _|_  |____________|      |
              |                        |    ____________       |                            |
              |                        |   |            |  s4  |                            |
              |                        +---|    * 2.0    >-----+                        ____v____
              |                            |____________|                              |   ctr   |
              |                                                                        |        (0)---  refl
           s6 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------<   mux    |
                                                                                       |        (1)---  refh
                                                                                       |_________|

Documentation in 'ISD\sigma_delta_2_ff_ld.net'

     Simplistic 2nd order low distorsion feedforward sigma-delta modulator

     Usage:   node out cell plsnam <ISD/sigma_delta_2ff_ld.net>  in refh refl

             +-----------------------------------------------------+
             |            ____________          ____________       |
             |           |            |        |            |      |         ____________
             |       s1  |    z^-1    |   s2   |    z^-1    |  s3  |   s5   |            |
       X ----+---(+)-----| ----------  >---+---| ----------  >----(+)------(+)           |
                - |      |  1 - z^-1  |    |   |  1 - z^-1  |      |        | comparator  >-----+---- Y
                  |      |____________|    |   |____________|      |    +--(-)           |      |
                  |    delayed integrator  | delayed integrator    |   _|_  |____________|      |
                  |                        |    ____________       |                            |
                  |                        |   |            |  s4  |                            |
                  |                        +---|    * 2.0    >-----+                        ____v____
                  |                            |____________|                              |   ctr   |
                  |                                                                        |        (0)---  refl
               s6 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------<   mux    |
                                                                                           |        (1)---  refh
                                                                                           |_________|

Documentation in 'Latch\DFF1.net'

     D FLIP FLOP

        Data sampled on negative (0) edge
        or positive (1) edge of the clock
                  ________
                 |        |
        data ----|         >---  q
                 |  DFF1  |
                 |        |
                 | [edge] |
        clock ---|         >--- nq
                 |________|

                                       edge = 0 or 1

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/DFF1.net>  q nq  clock  data  edge

                                                           _________                     __________
                              _____          _____        |         | s5      _____     |          |
      data ------------------|     |   s1   |     |  s3   |        q >-------|     | s7 |         q >---- q
                             | NAND >---+---| INV  >------|set      |        | AND  >---| set      |
                         +---|_____|    |   |_____|       |         |    +---|_____|    |          |
                         |              |                 |         |    |              |          |
                         |                                |    SR   |    |              |    SR    |
                         |              |    _____        |         |    |    _____     |          |
                         |              +---|     |  s2   |         |    +---|     | s8 |          |
                         |                  | AND  >------|reset    | s6 |   | AND  >---| reset    |
                         +------------------|_____|       |       nq >---|---|_____|    |        nq >--- nq
                         |                                |_________|    |              |__________|
               _____     |                   _____                       |
      clock --|     |    | c1               |     |  c2                  |
              | XOR  >---+------------------| INV  >---------------------+
      edge ---|_____|                       |_____|

Documentation in 'Latch\DFF2.net'

     D FLIP FLOP

        Data sampled on both edges of the clock
                  _______
                 |       |
          data --|        >---  q
                 | DFF2  |
          clk ---|        >--- nq
                 |_______|

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/DFF2.net>  q nq  clock  data

               +---------------------------------------+
               |         ______________              __|__
               |        |              |         q1 |     |
     data -----------+--|data         q >-----------|0    |
               |     |  |       DFF1   |            |     |
               +--+-----|clock       nq >-----+     | MUX  >---- q
               |  |  |  |_____edge_____|      |  q2 |     |
               |  |  |          |          +--------|1    |
               |  |  |          0          |  |     |_____|
               |  |  |                     |  |      __|__
               |  |  |          1          |  | nq1 |     |
               |  |  |   _______|______    |  +-----|1    |
               |  |  |  |     edge     |   |        |     |
               |  |  +--|data         q >--+        | MUX  >--- nq
               |  |     |       DFF1   |        nq2 |     |
     clock ----+  +-----|clock       nq >-----------|0    |
               |        |______________|            |_____|
               |                                       |
               +---------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Latch\JK_FlipFlop.net'

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/JK_FlipFlop.net>  q nq  clock  j k

                ___________
               |           |
       j ------|            >---- q
               |    J K    |
       clock --|           |
               | Flip Flop |
       k ------|            >--- nq
               |___________|

               +------------------------------------+
               |                   __________       |
               |    ________      |          |      |
               +---|        |  s1 |         q >--+------- q
       j ----------|  AND3   >----|set       |   |  |
               +---|________|     |          |   |  |
               |    &delayed      |          |   |  |
       clock --+                  | SR Latch |   |  |
               |    ________      |          |   |  |
               +---|        |  s2 |          |   |  |
       k ----------|  AND3   >----|reset     |   |  |
               +---|________|     |        nq >-----+--- nq
               |    &delayed      |__________|   |
               |                                 |
               +---------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Latch\MasterSlave_JK_FlipFlop.net'

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/MasterSlave_JK_FlipFlop.net>  q nq  clock  set reset

                _______________
               |               |
      set -----|                >---- q
               | Master Slave  |
      clock ---|               |
               | JK  Flip Flop |
      reset ---|                >--- nq
               |_______________|

                                 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
                                 |                  __________                         __________       |
                                 |   ________      |          |  s3     ________      |          |      |
                                 +--|        |  s1 |         q >-------|        |  s5 |         q >--+--|---- q
      set --------------------------|  AND3   >----|set       |        |  AND2   >----|set       |   |  |
                  _____          +--|________|     |          |     +--|________|     |          |   |  |
                 |     |  nclock |   &delayed      |          |     |                 |          |   |  |
      clock --+--| INV  >--------+                 | SR Latch |     |                 | SR Latch |   |  |
              |  |_____|         |   ________      |          |     |   ________      |          |   |  |
              |                  +--|        |  s2 |          |     +--|        |  s6 |          |   |  |
      reset ------------------------|  AND3   >----|reset     |  s4 |  |  AND2   >----|reset     |   |  |
              |                  +--|________|     |        nq >----|--|________|     |        nq >--|--+--- nq
              |                  |   &delayed      |__________|     |                 |__________|   |
              |                  |                                  |                                |
              |                  +----------------------------------|--------------------------------+
              |                                                     |
              +-----------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Latch\SR.net'

     SR LATCH

                __________
               |          |
      set -----|          |---  q
               | SR LATCH |
      reset ---|          |--- nq
               |__________|

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/SR.net>  q nq  set reset

                    _____________
                   |             |
     set ----+-----|set          |
             |     |      LATCH   >---- q
             |  +--|reset        |
             |  |  |_____________|
             |  |
             |  |   _____________
             |  |  |             |
     reset --|--+--|set          |
             |     |      LATCH   >--- nq
             +-----|reset        |
                   |_____________|

Documentation in 'Latch\T_FlipFlop.net'

     USAGE:  node void  cell  plsnam  <Latch/T_FlipFlop.net>  q nq  clock  t

                _____________
               |             |
        t -----|              >---- q
               | T Flip Flop |
      clock ---|              >--- nq
               |_____________|

Documentation in 'Logic\adder.net'

     ONE BIT BINARY FULL ADDER

     USAGE:  node do  cell plsnam  <Logic/adder.net>  a b ci co

     a, b  input bits
     ci    input carry
     do    output bit
     co    output carry

                                      ci(n)
      a(n) > --------------+             v
                           |             |
      b(n) >- ----------+  |             |
                        |  |             |
                _____   |  |    _____    |
          g    |     |--+--|---|     |   |   p
           +--<  AND |     |   | XOR  >--|--+
           |   |_____|-----+---|_____|   |  |
           |                    _____    |  |   _____
           |              r    |     |---+--|--|     |
           |               +--<  AND |      |  | XOR  >---> do(n)
           |               |   |_____|------+--|_____|
           |               |    _____
           |               +---|     |
           |                   |  OR  >--+
           +-------------------|_____|   |
                                         |
                                         v
                                      co(n+1)

Documentation in 'Logic\adder2b.net'

     ADDER 2 BITS DESCRIBED AT BIT LEVEL

     USAGE:   node void cell plsnam <Logic/adder2b.net>  sum1..0 a1..0  b1..0  carryout

                     Zero                                  Zero
                       V   _________                         V
                       |  |         |                        |
     a0 -----------+   +--|ci       |                        |
                   |      |         |                        |
                   +------|a      co >-+                     |
                   |      |  carry  |  |      add_evn        |
     b0 -----------|---+--|b        |  |                     |   _________
                   |   |  |_________|  |                     |  |         |
                   |   +----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |                     |  |         |     _____
                   +--------------------------------------------|b        | sz |     |
                                       |                     |  |   sum  s >---| INV  >-- sum0
                                       |   _____     _____   +--|ci       |    |_____|
                                       |  |     |   |     |     |         |
                       +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+--|co       |
           _____       |   _________      |_____|   |_____|  |  |_________|
          |     |      |  |         |                        |
     a1 --| INV  >-+   +--|ci       |                        |
          |_____|  |      |         |                        |
           _____   +------|a      co >-+                     |
          |     |  |      |  carry  |  |                     |
     b1 --| INV  >-|---+--|b        |  |      add_odd        |    _________
          |_____|  |   |  |_________|  |                     |   |         |
                   |   +-----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |                     |   |         |
                   +---------------------------------------------|b        |
                                       |                     |   |   sum  s >------------ sum1
                                       |   _____     _____   +---|ci       |
                                       |  |     |   |     |      |         |
                       +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+---|co       |
                       |                  |_____|   |_____|  |   |_________|
                       |                                     V
                       |                                     NC
                       +--------------------------------------------------------------carryout

Documentation in 'Logic\adder3b.net'

      ADDER 3 BITS DESCRIBED AT BIT LEVEL

     USAGE:   node void cell plsnam  <Logic/adder3b.net>  sum2..0 a2..0  b2..0  carryout

                     Zero                                  Zero
                       V   _________                         V
                       |  |         |                        |
     a0 -----------+   +--|ci       |                        |
                   |      |         |                        |
                   +------|a      co >-+                     |
                   |      |  carry  |  |      add_evn        |
     b0 -----------|---+--|b        |  |                     |   _________
                   |   |  |_________|  |                     |  |         |
                   |   +----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |                     |  |         |     _____
                   +--------------------------------------------|b        | sz |     |
                                       |                     |  |   sum  s >---| INV  >-- sum0
                                       |   _____     _____   +--|ci       |    |_____|
                                       |  |     |   |     |     |         |
                       +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+--|co       |
           _____       |   _________      |_____|   |_____|  |  |_________|
          |     |      |  |         |                        |
     a1 --| INV  >-+   +--|ci       |                        |
          |_____|  |      |         |                        |
           _____   +------|a      co >-+                     |
          |     |  |      |  carry  |  |                     |
     b1 --| INV  >-|---+--|b        |  |      add_odd        |    _________
          |_____|  |   |  |_________|  |                     |   |         |
                   |   +-----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |                     |   |         |
                   +---------------------------------------------|b        |
                                       |                     |   |   sum  s >------------ sum1
                                       |   _____     _____   +---|ci       |
                                       |  |     |   |     |      |         |
                       +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+---|co       |
                       |   _________      |_____|   |_____|  |   |_________|
                       |  |         |                        |
     a3 -----------+   +--|ci       |                        |
                   |      |         |                        |
                   +------|a      co >-+                     |
                   |      |  carry  |  |                     |
     b3 -----------|---+--|b        |  |      add_evn        |   _________
                   |   |  |_________|  |                     |  |         |
                   |   +----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |                     |  |         |     _____
                   +--------------------------------------------|b        | sz |     |
                                       |                     |  |   sum  s >---| INV  >-- sum2
                                       |   _____     _____   +--|ci       |    |_____|
                                       |  |     |   |     |     |         |
                                       +--| INV  >--| INV  >-+--|co       |
                                       |  |_____|   |_____|  |  |_________|
                                       |   _____             V
                                       |  |     |            NC
            carry must be inverted     +--| INV  >----------------------------------- carryout
                                          |_____|

Documentation in 'Logic\add_evn.net'

     ADDER ELEMENT TO BE CASCADED WITH "ADD_ODD.NET" TO FORM A COMPLETE ADDER.
     All data are single bits.

     USAGE:  node s  cell plsnam  <Logic/add_evn.net>  a b ci_f ci_s co_f co_s

                 ci_f                                   ci_s
                   V   _________                         V
                   |  |         |                        |
     a -------+    +--|ci       |                        |
              |       |         |                        |
              +-------|a      co >-+                     |
              |       |  carry  |  |                     |
     b -------|----+--|b        |  |                     |
              |    |  |_________|  |                     |   _________
              |    |               |                     |  |         |
              |    +----------------------------------------|a        |
              |                    |                     |  |         |     _____
              +---------------------------------------------|b        | sz |     |
                                   |                     |  |   sum  s >---| INV  >-- s
                                   |   _____     _____   +--|ci       |    |_____|
                                   |  |     |   |     |     |         |
                   +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+--|co       |
                   |                  |_____|   |_____|  |  |_________|
                   V                                     V
                 co_f                                   co_s

Documentation in 'Logic\add_gen.net'

     GENERIC ADDER ELEMENT TO BE CASCADED TO FORM A COMPLETE ADDER.
     All data are single bits.

                   Equivalent to "add_odd.net"  (odd == 1)
                   Equivalent to "add_evn.net"  (odd == 0)

     USAGE:   node s  cell plsnam  <Logic/add_gen.net>  a b ci_f ci_s co_f co_s  odd

                         ci_f                                    ci_s
                           V                                       V
                _____      |                                       |
               |     |     |   ___________                         |
      a -------|     |     |  |           |                        |
               | XOR  >-+  +--|ci         |                        |
            +--|     |  |     |           |                        |
            |  |_____|  |     |           |                        |
            |   _____   |     |  carry  co >-+                     |
            |  |     |  +-----|a          |  |                     |
      b ----|--|     |  |     |           |  |                     |
            |  | XOR  >-|--+--|b          |  |                     |
            +--|     |  |  |  |___________|  |                     |   _________
            |  |_____|  |  |                 |        n2           |  |         |
            |           |  +------------------------------------------|a        |
            |           |                    |        n1           |  |         |      ______
            |           +---------------------------------------------|b        |  sg |      |
            |                                |                     |  |   sum  s >----|      |
            |                                |   _____     _____   +--|ci       |     | XNOR  >-- s
            |                                |  |     |   |     |     |         |  +--|      |
            |              +-----------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+--|co       |  |  |______|
            |              |                    |_____|   |_____|  |  |_________|  |
            |              |                                       |               |
      odd --+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
                           |                                       |
                           V                                       V
                         co_f                                    co_s

Documentation in 'Logic\add_odd.net'

     ADDER ELEMENT TO BE CASCADED WITH "ADD_EVN.NET" TO FORM A COMPLETE ADDER.
     All data are single bits.

     USAGE:  node s  cell plsnam  <Logic/add_odd.net>  a b ci_f ci_s co_f co_s

                     ci_f                                   ci_s
           _____       V   _________                         V
          |     |      |  |         |                        |
     a ---| INV  >-+   +--|ci       |                        |
          |_____|  |      |         |                        |
           _____   +------|a      co >-+                     |
          |     |  |      |  carry  |  |                     |
     b ---| INV  >-|---+--|b        |  |                     |
          |_____|  |   |  |_________|  |                     |    _________
                   |   |               |        na           |   |         |
                   |   +-----------------------------------------|a        |
                   |                   |        nb           |   |         |
                   +---------------------------------------------|b        |
                                       |                     |   |   sum  s >-- s
                                       |   _____     _____   +---|ci       |
                                       |  |     |   |     |      |         |
                       +---------------+--| INV  >--| INV  >-+---|co       |
                       |                  |_____|   |_____|  |   |_________|
                       V                                     V
                     co_f                                   co_s

Documentation in 'Logic\carry.net'

     ELEMENT OF ADDER ('add_evn.net', 'add_odd.net', 'add_gen.net') at the bit level.

     USAGE:  node co  cell plsnam  <Logic/carry.net>  a b ci

     ci ----------------+
                        |   _____
               _____    +--|     | d3
     a --+----|     | d1   |  OR  >-+
         |    | AND  >-----|_____|  |
     b ----+--|_____|               |   ______
         | |   _____                +--|      |
         +----|     | d2               | NAND  >--- co
           |  |  OR  >-----------------|______|
           +--|_____|

Documentation in 'Logic\half_adder.net'

     ONE BIT BINARY HALF ADDER

     USAGE:  node do  cell plsnam  <Logic/half_adder.net>  dia dib co

     dia, dib  input bits
     do        output bit
     co        output carry

                  _____
     dia -----+--|     |  do
              |  | XOR  >--
     dib --+--|--|_____|
           |  |
           |  |   _____
           +--|--|     |  co
              |  | AND  >--
              +--|_____|

Documentation in 'Logic\sum.net'

     ELEMENT OF ADDER ('add_evn.net', 'add_odd.net', 'add_gen.net') at the bit level.

     USAGE:  node s  cell plsnam  <Logic/sum.net>  a b ci co

     co ------------------+
                 _____    |   ____
     ci -----+--|     |   +--|    | d3
             |  |     | d1   | OR  >-+
     a ----+----| AND  >-----|____|  |
           | |  |     |              |
     b --+------|_____|              |
         | | |                       |
         | | |   _____               |   ______
         | | +--|     |              +--|      |
         | |    |     | d2              | NAND  >--- s
         | +----| OR   >----------------|______|
         |      |     |
         +------|_____|

Documentation in 'Measure\freq.net'

     Measure the instantaneous frequency of complex sinusoidal signal
     by computing the derivative of the signal instantaneous phase

     USAGE:   node dtheta  cell  plsnam  <Measure/freq.net>  i  q

              where  (i, q)  complex sinusoidal signal
                     dtheta  instantaneous frequency of (i, q)

      i -----+-----------------------+   ______
             |   differentiators     |  |      |
             |      _________        +--|      |  s2
             |     |         |  ip      | Prod  >--+    _____
             +-----| d(i)/dn  >--+   +--|      |   |   |     |
             |     |_________|    \ /   |______|   +--(-)    |  s4
             |      _________      /     ______        | Sum  >--+
             |     |         |    / \   |      |   +--(+)    |   |
             |  +--| d(q)/dn  >--+   +--|      |   |   |_____|   |
             |  |  |_________|  qp      | Prod  >--+             |   _____
             |  |                    +--|      |  s1             |  |     |
             |  |                    |  |______|                 +-(n)    |
      q --+-----+--------------------+                              |     |
          |  |                           ______                     | Div  >---- dtheta
          |  |                          |      |                    |     |
          |  |                       +--|      |  i2             +-(d)    |
          |  |                       |  | Prod  >--+    _____    |  |_____|
          |  +-----------------------+--|      |   |   |     |   |
          |                             |______|   +--(+)    |   |
          |                              ______        | Sum  >--+
          |                             |      |   +--(+)    |  s3
          +--------------------------+--|      |   |   |_____|
                                     |  | Prod  >--+
                                     +--|      |  q2
                                        |______|

Documentation in 'Measure\slope.net'

     SLOPE OF A SIGNAL  (UNIT PER SECOND)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Measure/slope.net>  i

                                       _________
                           +      s   |         |
        i ---+---------------(+)------| * FSL    >-- o
             |     _______    | -     |_________|
             |    |       |   |
             +----| DELAY  >--+
                  |_______|

Documentation in 'Misc\cint.net'

     CONTROLLED NON INVERTING NON DELAYED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Misc/cint.net>  i  run  init

     mode HOLD (inactivated)   when   (run == false)
     mode RUN  (activated  )   when   (run == true )

                       run
                     ___|___
                 a  |       |
        i ---(+)----| TRACK  >---+--- o
              |     |_______|    |
              |                  |
              |      _______     |
              |     |       |    |
            b +----<  DELAY |----+
                    |_______|

Documentation in 'Misc\cintd.net'

     CONTROLLED NON INVERTING DELAYED INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Misc/cintd.net>  i  run  init

     mode HOLD (inactivated)   when   (run == FALSE)
     mode RUN  (activated  )   when   (run == TRUE )

                       run
                     ___|___
                 a  |       |
      i  ----(+)----| TRACK  >---+--- o
              |     |_______|    |
              |     &delayed     |
              |                  |
              +------------------+

Documentation in 'Misc\gdelay.net'

     GATED DELAY

     USAGE:   node o cell  plsnam  <Misc/gdelay.net>  i control  init

      run -------+
              ___|___
             |       |
      i  ----| TRACK  >--- o
             |_______|
             &delayed

Documentation in 'Misc\GTswitch.net'

      GALTON TREE BASIC SWITCHING BLOCK

     USAGE:  node void cell plsnam  <Misc/GTswitch.net>  y2 y1  x s

      This digital switch follows the 'Number Conservation Rule', i.e. Y1+Y2 == X
      S must be even if X is even
      S must be  odd if X is odd

                  _ ___
                 |     |     ____
           +-----|+    | s1 |    |
           |     | Sum  >---| /2 |--- Y1
           |  +--|+    |    |____|
           |  |  |_____|
           |  |   _____
           |  |  |     |     ____
      X ---+--|--|+    | s2 |    |
              |  | Sum  >---| /2 |--- Y2
              +--|-    |    |____|
              |  |_____|
              |
      S ------+   <- switching sequence control

Documentation in 'Misc\intdz.net'

     NON INVERTING DELAYED INTEGRATOR WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Misc/intdz.net>  i reset

                    _______      _____
                a  |       |  b |     |
       i --(+)-----| DELAY  >---|RELAY >--+-- o
            |      |_______|    |_____|   |
            |                      |      |
            |                     reset   |
            |                             |
            +-----------------------------+

Documentation in 'Misc\intm.net'

     NON INVERTING MODULO-N INTEGRATOR WITH INITIAL VALUE

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Misc/intm.net>  i init

                     n
                  ___|___
               s |       |
        i --(+)--| MODULO >--+----o
             |   |_______|   |
             |    _______    |
             |   |       |   |
           d +--<  DELAY |---+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Misc\intz.net'

     NON INVERTING INTEGRATOR WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Misc/intz.net>  i reset

                           _____
               a          |     |
      i --(+)-------------|RELAY >-+-- o
           |              |_____|  |
           |                 |     |
           |      _____     reset  |
           |  b  |     |           |
           +----< DELAY|-----------+
                 |_____|

Documentation in 'Misc\rv1.net'

     RENDEZVOUS CELL   (DAVID MULLER, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS)

     USAGE:  node  void cell plsnam  <Misc/rv1.net>  o i1 i2

             where     o        output of the cell
                       i1, i2   input  of the cell

                         /|
      in1 ---+     s +--o |--+        +--- out2
             |       |   \|   \      /
            _|_______|_        \    /
           |           |        \  /
           | C-Muller  |         \/
           |  Element  |         /\
           |_____ _____|        /  \
                 V             /    \
                 |            /      \
      out1 ------+-----+-----+        +--- in2
                       |
                       |
                      out

      Cascaded as:

           ___rv1_           ___rv1_           ___rv1_
          |       |         |       |         |       |
       ---|i1   o1|---------|i1   o1|--- .. --|i1   o1|---
          |       |         |       |         |       |
       ---|o2 o i2|---------|o2 o i2|--- .. --|o2 o i2|---
          |_______|         |_______|         |_______|
           ___|___           ___|___           ___|___
          |       |         |       |         |       |
        --| latch  >- (..) -| latch  >- (..) -| latch  >--
          |_______|         |_______|         |_______|

     CAUTION:  Asynchronous Logic!
               Handle with care in a cycle-based simulator like NAPA.

Documentation in 'Modulation\am.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR AMPLITUDE MODULATOR

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Modulation/am.net>  i m fc

     Input:      i
     Output:     o
     Parameters: m  modulation index
                 fc carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier: 0.0 radian
     Output amplitude: 1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Modulation\am2.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR AMPLITUDE MODULATOR
      - SINEWAVE or COSINEWAVE -

     USAGE:  node o1  cell plsnam1  <Modulation/am2.net>  sine    i  m fc
             node o2  cell plsnam2  <Modulation/am2.net>  cosine  i  m fc

     Input:      i
     Output:     o
     Parameters:  'sine' or 'cosine'  the sinewave or the cosinewave function
     Parameters: m  modulation index
                 fc carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier: 0.0 radian
     Output amplitude: 1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Modulation\fm.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATOR

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Modulation/fm.net>  i rfd fc

     Input:      i
     Output:     o
     Parameters: rfd relative frequency deviation parameter [0.0 ... 1.0]
                 fc  carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier: 0.0 radian
     Output amplitude: 1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Modulation\fm2.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATOR
      - SINEWAVE or COSINEWAVE -

     USAGE:  node o1  cell plsnam1  <Modulation/fm2.net>  sine   i  rfd fc
             node o2  cell plsnam2  <Modulation/fm2.net>  cosine i  rfd fc

     Output:      o1, o2
     Input:       i
     Parameters:  'sine' or 'cosine'  the sinewave or the cosinewave function
                  rfd relative frequency deviation parameter
                  fc  carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier:  0.0 radian
     Output amplitude:  1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Modulation\phm.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR PHASE MODULATOR

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Modulation/phm.net> i rpd fc

     Input:      i
     Output:     o
     Parameters: rpd relative phase deviation parameter
                 fc  carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier: 0.0 radian
     Output amplitude: 1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Modulation\phm2.net'

     IDEAL LINEAR PHASE MODULATOR

     USAGE:  node o1  cell plsnam1  <Modulation/phm2.net> sine   i rpd fc
             node o2  cell plsnam2  <Modulation/phm2.net> cosine i rpd fc

     Input:      i
     Output:     o
     Parameters: 'sine' or 'cosine'  the sinewave or the cosinewave function
                 rpd relative phase deviation parameter
                 fc  carrier frequency

     Phase of carrier: 0.0 radian
     Output amplitude: 1.0 peak

Documentation in 'Noise\jitter.net'

     Introduce random jitter when sampling a signal

     USAGE:  node <y> cell plsname <Noise/jitter.net>  <x> <dtau>

      x -------+----------------------------+   _______
               |   ______        ________   |  |       |
               |  |      |  dxt |        |  +--|(+)    |
               +--| dx/dt >-----|(+)     |     |   sum  >-- y
                  |______|      |   prod  >----|(+)    |
                             +--|(+)     |  p  |_______|
                   ______    |  |________|
                  |      |   |
      gaussian ---| gain  >--+ rn
                  |______|
                   dtau

Documentation in 'Noise\ktoverc.net'

      Inject kT/C noise on the sampled input of a switched capacitor integrator

     USAGE:  node y  cell  ktc  <Noise/ktoverc.net>    cin

                           inject
          y -------------(+)---------------------
                          :
                          :
                          :
                        kT/C noise

      Thermal noise is caused by the random fluctuation of carriers due to thermal energy and is present even at
      equilibrium. Thermal noise has a white spectrum and wide band limited only by the time constant of the switched
      capacitors or the bandwidth of the operational amplifiers. The sampling capacitor Cin of a Switched-Capacitor
      integrator is in series with a switch, with finite resistance Ron, that periodically opens, thus sampling a
      noise voltage onto Cin. The total noise power can be found evaluating the integral

      e^2(t) = Int[4kT Ron df / (1+(_2pi_ f Ron Cin)^2), 0, Inf]
      e^2(t) = kT / Cin

      where k is the Boltzmann’s constant, T the absolute temperature and 4kTRon the noise power spectral density
      associated with the switch on-resistance. The switch thermal noise voltage eT (usually called kT/C noise) is
      then superimposed to the input voltage x(t) leading to a noise signal n(t)

      n(T) = sqrt(kT / Cin) * rand_normal(0, 1)

      The integrators may include more than one SC input branch, each contributing to the total noise power.
      Each branch has to be modeled with a separate kT/C Noise block.

      Temperature is set to 300K by default
      To set another temperature use:     'directive  TEMPERATURE_K     a_temperature_in_Kelvin'

Documentation in 'Noise\pink.net'

     EDITION ON GOING

     1/F NOISE GENERATOR

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Noise/pink.net>  pole floor

     Output:       out
     Parameters:   pole    Hz
                   floor   V RMS

      dB
       |
       |.
       | .
       |  .
       |   .
       |    .
       |     .
       |      .
       |       .
       |        .
       |         x . . . . . . . . noise floor. . . . . . . . .
       |         ^
       |         ^
       |_________^_________________________________________log[f]
                pole

Documentation in 'Noise\rclock.net'

     RANDOM CLOCK GENERATOR 0-1 ( '1' with a probability of '$prob')

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Noise/rclock.net>  prob

     'prob' must be in the interval [0.0, 1.0]

         ___________________________________
        |                                   |
        | 0  with a probability of (1-prob) |
        |                                    >--- out
        | 1  with a probability of (  prob) |
        |___________________________________|

Documentation in 'Noise\red.net'

     RED NOISE GENERATOR    (aka brownian noise or brown noise)

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Noise/red.net>  ampl

     Output:    out
     Input:     ampl

Documentation in 'Processor\bbh.net'

      Original Brian Brandt's Processor as described in
      "Oversampled Analog-To-Digital Conversion" page 130
      Stanford University October 1991
      SRC Technical Report T91138 Contract N 91-DJ-112

     USAGE:  node d  cell plsnam  <Processor/bbh.net>  i crom numcycle

      CAUTION: Here, the size of the RAM is 32 words

      $d    output
      $i    input
      $crom name of the ROM  (to be declared in main as an (hex) ROM)
      $numcycle  number of words used in the ROM

      ALU + RAM 32 words + 2 counters + external ROM

      The core of the "BBH" processor

       |                                                                |        |                                |
       |                         Data RAM                               |        |    Coefficient/Control ROM     |
       |  Dout RAM                                          Din RAM     |        |              Ctrl              |
       |_______ _________________________________________________ ______|        |________________________________|
               v                                                 ^                                 |
               |                                         rmux    |                                 |
               |                                          :      |                                 |
               |                                        __:__    |                         cw=(areg, ...)
     Data in ------------------------------------------1     |   |
               |                                       | MUX  >--+ ri
               |                 ___             +-----0_____|
               |          creg..|   |            |                                                    PROCESSOR CORE
               |                | R |   _____    |
               | s              | e |  |     |   |               bc              smux   sh4,sh2,sh1
               | +--------------| g  >-|DELAY >--+--+   bcmux    +----------+     :          :
               | |              |   |  |_____|      |     :      |          |   __:__      __:__
               | |              | C |               |   __:__    |   _____  +--0     | si |     |   a2               ___
               | |              |___|             c +--0     |   |  |     |    | MUX >----|SHIFT >--+         dreg..|   |
               | |   bmux        ___                   | MUX  >--+--| INV  >---1_____|    |_____|   |   _____       | R |
               | |     :  breg..|   |             b +--1_____|      |_____|                         +--|     |   s  | e |
               | |   __:__      | R |   _____       |                                                  | ADD  >--+--| g  >-- Data out
            ro +----1     |  bi | e |  |     |      |                                      _____    +--|_____|   |  |   |
               | |  | MUX  >----| g  >-|DELAY >-----+                               "0" --1     |   |            |  | D |
               | +--0_____|     |   |  |_____|                                            | MUX  >--+            |  |___|
               | |              | B |                    +--------------------------------0_____|   a1           |
               | |              |___|                    |                                   :                   |
               | |   amux        ___                     |                                   :                   |
               | |     :  areg..|   |                    |                                 a1mux                 |
               | |   __:__      | R |   _____            |                                                       |
            ro +----1     |  ai | e |  |     |    a      |                                                       |
                 |  | MUX  >----| g  >-|DELAY >----------+                                                       |
               s +--0_____|     |   |  |_____|                                                                   |
                 |              | A |                                                                            |
                 |              |___|                                                                            |
                 |                                                                                               |
                 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Documentation in 'Processor\bbh4.net'

     ENHANCED BRIAN BRANDT'S PROCESSOR   (SEE FILE "bbh.net" FOR THE ORIGINAL CELL)

     Contains : 5 registers (4 in the original Brian Brandt's machine)
                8 mux       (6 in the original Brian Brandt's machine)
     The size of the RAM is 32 words

     USAGE:  node d  cell plsnam  <Processor/bbh4.net>  i calib reset reset_offset crom numcycle n

      Original Brian Brandt's Processor as described in
      "Oversampled Analog-To-Digital Conversion" page 130
      Stanford University October 1991
      SRC Technical Report T91138 Contract N 91-DJ-112

      $d      output
      $i      input

      $calib  calibration mode : high ==> calibration mode (offset calculation and storage)
                                          begin of calibration : reset of the ROM pointer
                                 low  ==> calculation mode

      $reset ==> reset mode   :  reset Rom counter
                                 reset Ram (all locations = 0)
                                 reset Alu's  registers
                                 reset Ram counter

      $dlon  ==> power up of the BDL ==> reset of the RAM counter at the raising edge of this bit
      $dlrec ==> calculation mode ==> reset of the ROM pointer at the raising edge of this bit

      $crom name of the ROM  (to be declared in main as an (hex) ROM)
      $numcycle  number of words used in the ROM (in calculation mode)

      ALU + RAM 32 words + 2 counters + external ROM

Documentation in 'PWL\pwl_d.net'

     ANALOG PWL WAVEFORM GENERATOR
     delay could be positive, negative or zero

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <PWL/pwl_d.net>  filnam column time_scale delay

      column:     an integer [1..]  (column 0 of file cannot be selected)
      time_scale  e.g. 1.0
      delay       e.g. 0.0

     Every line of the data file <filnam> must be one of the following types:

      <time>   <y1>  <y2> ... <yn>    // any comment
      # any comment

     Same input file may contain advantageously several columns of data shared by several user functions.

     Example:

              #*     T    Y1    Y2    Y3
                0.0      0.0   0.0   0.0
                0.1e-6   1.0   1.0   1.0
              100.0e-6   1.0   1.0   1.0
              110.1e-6   0.0   0.0   0.0
              200.1e-6   0.0   0.0   1.0

     It is possible to replace a number by ?, the entry will then be ignored

     Example: These 3 files

        :         file1                  :         file2                  :         file3                  :

        :         #*  T       Y1         :         #*  T       Y2         :         #*  T       Y3         :
        :           0.0      0.0         :           0.0      0.0         :           0.0      0.0         :
        :           0.1e-6   1.0         :          50.0e-6   1.0         :         100.0e-6   1.0         :
        :         125.0e-6   1.0         :         125.0e-6   1.0         :         125.0e-6   1.0         :
        :         125.1e-6   0.0         :         175.0e-6   0.0         :         225.0e-6   0.0         :
        :                                :         250.0e-6   0.0         :                                :
        :                                :         300.0e-6   1.0         :                                :

     can be combined in a single one, taking advantage of the symbol ?

        :         file123                            :

        :         #*  T       Y1    Y2    Y3         :
        :           0.0      0.0   0.0   0.0         :
        :           0.1e-6   1.0     ?     ?         :
        :          50.0e-6     ?   1.0     ?         :
        :         100.0e-6     ?     ?   1.0         :
        :         125.0e-6   1.0   1.0   1.0         :
        :         125.1e-6   0.0     ?     ?         :
        :         175.0e-6     ?   0.0     ?         :
        :         225.0e-6     ?     ?   0.0         :
        :         250.0e-6     ?   0.0     ?         :
        :         300.0e-6     ?   1.0     ?         :

Documentation in 'PWL\pwl_i.net'

     DIGITAL PWL WAVEFORM GENERATOR
     delay could be positive, negative or zero

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <PWL/pwl_i.net>  filnam column time_scale delay

      column:     an integer [1..]  (column 0 of file cannot be selected)
      time_scale  e.g. 1.0
      delay       e.g. 0.0

     Every line of the data file <filnam> must be one of the following types:

      <time>   <y1>  <y2> ... <yn>    // any comment
      # any comment

     Same input file may contain advantageously several columns of data shared by several user functions.

     Example:

              #*     T    Y1    Y2    Y3
                0.0      0.0   0.0   0.0
                0.1e-6   1.0   1.0   1.0
              100.0e-6   1.0   1.0   1.0
              110.1e-6   0.0   0.0   0.0
              200.1e-6   0.0   0.0   1.0

     It is possible to replace a number by ?, the entry will then be ignored

     Example: These 3 files

        :         file1                  :         file2                  :         file3                  :

        :         #*  T       Y1         :         #*  T       Y2         :         #*  T       Y3         :
        :           0.0        0         :           0.0        0         :           0.0        0         :
        :           0.1e-6     1         :          50.0e-6     1         :         100.0e-6     1         :
        :         125.0e-6     1         :         125.0e-6     1         :         125.0e-6     1         :
        :         125.1e-6     0         :         175.0e-6     0         :         225.0e-6     0         :
        :                                :         250.0e-6     0         :                                :
        :                                :         300.0e-6     1         :                                :

     can be combined in a single one, taking advantage of the symbol ?

        :         file123                            :

        :         #*  T       Y1    Y2    Y3         :
        :           0.0        0     0     0         :
        :           0.1e-6     1     ?     ?         :
        :          50.0e-6     ?     1     ?         :
        :         100.0e-6     ?     ?     1         :
        :         125.0e-6     1     1     1         :
        :         125.1e-6     0     ?     ?         :
        :         175.0e-6     ?     0     ?         :
        :         225.0e-6     ?     ?     0         :
        :         250.0e-6     ?     0     ?         :
        :         300.0e-6     ?     1     ?         :

Documentation in 'PWM\1.net'

     ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <PWM/1.net>  range in

       Input dynamic range :        [0...range]
       Length of modulated burst :   range

               n    ________
       1 --(+)-----|        |
            |      | MODULO  >------+ c
      rg ---|------|________|       |
            |       ________        |
            |  d   |        |       |    _____      _______
            +-----<  DELAY  |---+---+---|     |  s |       |
                   |________|   |       | ?==  >---|S      |
                                |   0 --|_____|    |       |
                                |        _____     | LATCH  >-- out
                        +-------+-------|     |  r |       |
                        |               | ?==  >---|R      |
                    ____V___    +-------|_____|    |_______|
                   |        |   |
      in ----------|  HOLD   >--+ h
                   |________|

Documentation in 'PWM\2.net'

     SYMMETRIC DIGITAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <PWM/2.net>  range in

        Input dynamic range :        [0...range]
        Length of modulated burst :   2 * range

                n    ________
      1 --(+)-------|        |        -rg
           |        | MODULO  >--+     |
           | 2*rg --|________|   | c   |    o
           |         ________    +----(+)---+
           |    d   |        |   |          |   __________
           +-------<  DELAY  |---+          |  |          |
                    |________|   |          |  |  o >= -h |
                              ___V___       +--|          |
                             |       |  h      |    &&     >-- out
      in---------------------| HOLD   >--------|          |
                             |_______|         |  0 <   h |
                                               |__________|
                                                 ialgebra

Documentation in 'PWM\3.net'

     PSEUDO RANDOM PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

     Input dynamic range:  [0...$dyn]

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <PWM/3.net>  dyn in

Documentation in 'Random\PRNG_08.net'

     Marsaglia xorshift_8()
     8 Bits Pseudo Random Noise Generator

     Input    None
     Output   out

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam  "./PRNG_08.net"

           ________             _____
      x0  |        |   8b  x1  |     |         ________             _____
      +-->|LSHIFT 3 >---/----->|     |  x2    |        |    8b  x3 |     |         ________             _____
      |   |________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|RSHIFT 5 >---/----->|     |  x4    |        |   8b  x5  |     |
      +----------------------->|     |    |   |________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|LSHIFT 4 >--/------>|     |
      |                        |_____|    +-----------------/----->|     |    |   |________|           |BWXOR >--+-->out
      |                         _____                       8b     |_____|    +----------------/------>|     |   |
      |               8b       |     |                                                         8b      |_____|   |
      +----------------/------< DELAY|<---------------------/----------------------------------------------------+
                               |_____|                      8b
                               init 1

Documentation in 'Random\PRNG_16.net'

     Marsaglia xorshift_16()
     16 Bits Pseudo Random Noise Generator

     Input    None
     Output   out

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam  "./PRNG_16.net"

           ________             _____
      x0  |        |   16b  x1 |     |         ________             _____
      +-->|LSHIFT 7 >---/----->|     |  x2    |        |   16b  x3 |     |         ________             _____
      |   |________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|RSHIFT 9 >---/----->|     |  x4    |        |  16b  x5  |     |
      +----------------------->|     |    |   |________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|LSHIFT 8 >--/------>|     |
      |                        |_____|    +-----------------/----->|     |    |   |________|           |BWXOR >--+-->out
      |                         _____                      16b     |_____|    +----------------/------>|     |   |
      |                16b     |     |                                                        16b      |_____|   |
      +-----------------/-----< DELAY|<---------------------/----------------------------------------------------+
                               |_____|                     16b
                               init 1

Documentation in 'Random\PRNG_32.net'

     Marsaglia xorshift_32()
     32 Bits Pseudo Random Noise Generator

     Input    None
     Output   out

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam  "./PRNG_32.net"

           _________             _____
      x0  |         |   32b  x1 |     |         _________             _____
      +-->|LSHIFT 13 >---/----->|     |  x2    |         |   32b  x3 |     |         ________             _____
      |   |_________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|RSHIFT 17 >---/----->|     |  x4    |        |  32b  x5  |     |
      +------------------------>|     |    |   |_________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|LSHIFT 5 >--/------>|     |
      |                         |_____|    +------------------/----->|     |    |   |________|           |BWXOR >--+-->out
      |                          _____                       32b     |_____|    +----------------/------>|     |   |
      |                 32b     |     |                                                         32b      |_____|   |
      +------------------/-----< DELAY|<----------------------/----------------------------------------------------+
                                |_____|                      32b
                                init 1

Documentation in 'Random\PRNG_64.net'

     Marsaglia xorshift_64()
     64 Bits Pseudo Random Noise Generator

     Input    None
     Output   out

     USAGE:   node out cell plsnam  "./PRNG_64.net"

           _________             _____
      x0  |         |   64b  x1 |     |         _________             _____
      +-->|LSHIFT 12 >---/----->|     |  x2    |         |   64b  x3 |     |         _________             _____
      |   |_________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|RSHIFT 25 >---/----->|     |  x4    |         |  64b  x5  |     |
      +------------------------>|     |    |   |_________|           |BWXOR >---+-->|LSHIFT 27 >--/------>|     |
      |                         |_____|    +------------------/----->|     |    |   |_________|           |BWXOR >--+-->out
      |                          _____                       64b     |_____|    +-----------------/------>|     |   |
      |                 64b     |     |                                                          64b      |_____|   |
      +------------------/-----< DELAY|<----------------------/-----------------------------------------------------+
                                |_____|                      64b
                                init 1

Documentation in 'Range\dmax.net'

     MAXIMUM OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/dmax.net>  i

                  _______
       $i -------|       |
                 |  MAX   >--+---- $o
         $d +----|_______|   |
            |     _______    |
            |    |       |   |
            +---<  DELAY |---+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\dmax_z.net'

     MAXIMUM OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG) WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/dmax_z.net>  i  reset

                                 $reset
                  _______        __|__
       $i -------|       |  $m  |     |
                 |  MAX   >-----|RELAY >-+--- $o
         $d +----|_______|      |_____|  |
            |     _______                |
            |    |       |               |
            +---<  DELAY |---------------+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\dmin.net'

     MINIMUM OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/dmin.net>  i

                  _______
       $i -------|       |
                 |  MIN   >--+---- $o
         $d +----|_______|   |
            |     _______    |
            |    |       |   |
            +---<  DELAY |---+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\dmin_z.net'

     MINIMUM OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG or DIGITAL) WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/dmin_z.net>  i  reset

                                 $reset
                  _______        __|__
       $i -------|       |  $m  |     |
                 |  MIN   >-----|RELAY >-+--- $o
         $d +----|_______|      |_____|  |
            |     _______                |
            |    |       |               |
            +---<  DELAY |---------------+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\dwidth.net'

     DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/dwidth.net>  i

            ....Range/dmax.net.............
            :          _______            :
     $i-+---:---------|       |           :
        |   :         |  MAX   >--+ $dmax :
        |   : $d1 +---|_______|   |       :
        |   :     |    _______    |       :
        |   :     |   |       |   |       :
        |   :     +---| DELAY  >--+-----------+
        |   :         |_______|           :   |
        |   :.............................:   |
        |                                     | +
        |                                    (+)---- $o
        |   ....Range/dmin.net.............   |
        |   :          _______            :   | -
        +-------------|       |           :   |
            :         |  MIN   >--+-----------+
            : $d2 +---|_______|   |       :
            :     |    _______    |       :
            :     |   |       |   |       :
            :     +---| DELAY  >--+ $dmin :
            :         |_______|           :
            :.............................:

Documentation in 'Range\imax.net'

     MAXIMUM OF A SIGNAL (DIGITAL)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/imax.net>  i

                  _______
       $i -------|       |
                 |  MAX   >--+---- $o
         $d +----|_______|   |
            |     _______    |
            |    |       |   |
            +---<  DELAY |---+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\imax_z.net'

     MAXIMUM OF A SIGNAL (DIGITAL) WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/imax_z.net>  i  reset

                                 $reset
                  _______        __|__
       $i -------|       |  $m  |     |
                 |  MAX   >-----|RELAY >-+--- $o
         $d +----|_______|      |_____|  |
            |     _______                |
            |    |       |               |
            +---<  DELAY |---------------+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\imin.net'

     MINIMUM OF A SIGNAL (ANALOG or DIGITAL)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/min.net>  i

                  _______
       $i -------|       |
                 |  MIN   >--+---- $o
         $d +----|_______|   |
            |     _______    |
            |    |       |   |
            +---<  DELAY |---+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\imin_z.net'

     MINIMUM OF A SIGNAL (DIGITAL) WITH RESET

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/imin_z.net>  i  reset

                                 $reset
                  _______        __|__
       $i -------|       |  $m  |     |
                 |  MIN   >-----|RELAY >-+--- $o
         $d +----|_______|      |_____|  |
            |     _______                |
            |    |       |               |
            +---<  DELAY |---------------+
                 |_______|

Documentation in 'Range\iwidth.net'

     DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF A SIGNAL (DIGITAL)

     USAGE:  node o  cell plsnam  <Range/iwidth.net>  i

            ....Range/imax.net.............
            :          _______            :
     $i-+---:---------|       |           :
        |   :         |  MAX   >--+ $imax :
        |   : $d1 +---|_______|   |       :
        |   :     |    _______    |       :
        |   :     |   |       |   |       :
        |   :     +---| DELAY  >--+-----------+
        |   :         |_______|           :   |
        |   :.............................:   |
        |                                     | +
        |                                    (+)---- $o
        |   ....Range/imin.net.............   |
        |   :          _______            :   | -
        +-------------|       |           :   |
            :         |  MIN   >--+-----------+
            : $d2 +---|_______|   |       :
            :     |    _______    |       :
            :     |   |       |   |       :
            :     +---| DELAY  >--+ $imin :
            :         |_______|           :
            :.............................:

Documentation in 'Sequence\a.net'

      Arithmetic Sequence

      Generate successive elements of the sequence  x[n]  where x[n] =  x[n-1] + b

      Usage    node out  cell  pls  <Sequence/a.net>  b  initial_value

Documentation in 'Sequence\ag.net'

      Arithmetic-Geometric Sequence

      Generate successive elements of the sequence  x[n]  where x[n] =  a*x[n-1] + b

      Usage    node out  cell  pls <Sequence/ag.net>  a  b  initial_value

Documentation in 'Sequence\g.net'

      Geometric Sequence

      Generate successive elements of the sequence  x[n]  where x[n] =  a*x[n-1]

      Usage    node out  cell  pls  <Sequence/g.net>  a  initial_value

Documentation in 'Sinc\sinc.net'

     DIGITAL SINC DECIMATION FILTER
     sinc order is automatically computed

     USAGE:  node y  cell plsnam  <Sinc/sinc.net>  x  decimation offset

       decimation : decimation ratio       (constant integer, not an ivar)
       offset :     decimation offset      (constant integer, not an ivar)

              ______                 ______
             |      |               |      |
        in --|sinc_a >--DECIMATION--|sinc_b >--- out
             |______|     OFFSET    |______|

     CAUTION:  this cell changes and restores the sampling frequency
               as it contains a decimation and an interpolation directives

Documentation in 'Sinc\sinc4.net'

     DIGITAL SINC 4TH ORDER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Sinc/sinc4.net>  in  decimation offset  n

                     4
       out = [sinc(in)]

       decimation : decimation ratio                          (constant integer, not an ivar)
       offset :     decimation offset                         (constant integer, not an ivar)
       w :          number of bits of the digital registers   (constant integer, not an ivar)

                 _____            _____            _____            _____
              s1|     |       s2 |     |        s3|     |        s4|     |
      in --(+)--|DELAY >-+--(+)--|DELAY >-+--(+)--|DELAY >-+--(+)--|DELAY >-+---+
            |   |_____|  |   |   |_____|  |   |   |_____|  |   |   |_____|  |   |
            |            |   |            |   |            |   |            |   |
            +------------+   +------------+   +------------+   +------------+   |
                        i1               i2               i3               i4   |
                                                                                |
              +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
              |
          DECIMATE
           OFFSET
              |    s5               s6               s7               s8
              +--+-----------(+)--+-----------(+)--+-----------(+)--+----------(+)--out
                 |           -|   |           -|   |           -|   |          -|
                 |   _____    |   |   _____    |   |   _____    |   |  _____    |
                 |  |     |   |   |  |     |   |   |  |     |   |   | |     |   |
                 +--|DELAY >--+   +--|DELAY >--+   +--|DELAY >--+   +-|DELAY >--+
                    |_____|  d1      |_____|  d2      |_____|  d3     |_____|  d4

     CAUTION:  this cell changes and restores the sampling frequency
               as it contains a decimation and an interpolation directives

Documentation in 'Sun\solar_panel.net'

     Solar Panel Energy and Power depending on time, day of the year, location, panel position and obstacle at horizon
     (idealised: no panel reflexion, linear dependance of power with light density)

     Usage:  node  void cell  sp  <Sun/Solar_panel.net>  outputenergy outputpower time locfile panelfile obstaclefile datefile

       Inputs:   local_time, location file, panel file, obsttacle file, date file
       Outputs:  output energy, output power

Documentation in 'Sun\solar_panel_power.net'

     Power Output of a Solar Panel (idealised: no panel reflexion, linear dependance of power with light density)

     Usage:  node  panpowerout  cell spw  <Sun/Solar_panel_power.net>  sunaltitude sunazimuth  "panfile.dat"  "obsfile.dat"

       Inputs: sun altitude, sun azimuth, panel data file, obstacle data file
       Output: output power produced by the solar panel depending on the sun incidence

       file "panfile.dat"     panpowmax panorientation panangle
                          output:  maximum output power, panel orientation, panel angle from horizontal

       file "obsfile.dat"     obstacleangle sunazimuth
                          output:  obstacle angle from horizontal
                          input:   sun azimuth

Documentation in 'Sun\sun_position.net'

     Sun

     Usage:  node void cell sol <Sun/sun_position.net> sunelevation sunazimuth sunlocaltime time "locfile.dat" "datefile.dat"

       Inputs:   local time, location file, date file
       Outputs:  sun elevation, sun azimuth, sun local time

       file "locfile.dat"     location lat lon  tz
                              outputs:  location name, latitude, longitude, time zone

       file "datefile.dat"    year month day daylightsaving
                              outputs:  year, month, day, daylight saving

Documentation in 'Thermometer\2.net'

     2 TO 3 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Thermometer/2.net>  in

     where in is in interval [0, 4]

               _____________
           2  |             |   3
      in --/--| thermometer2 >--/-- out
              |_____________|

                  binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->       000        0x0         00
       1    ->       001        0x1         01
       2    ->       011        0x3         03

Documentation in 'Thermometer\2b.net'

     2 TO 3 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node void cell plsnam  <Thermometer/2b.net>  b1..0  in

     where in is in interval [0, 4]

               _______________
           2  |               |   3
      in --/--| thermometer 2b >--/-- b1..0
              |_______________|

                 binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->       00        0x0         00
       1    ->       01        0x1         01
       2    ->       11        0x3         03

Documentation in 'Thermometer\4.net'

     3 TO 4 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Thermometer/4.net>  in

     where in is in interval [0, 4]

               ______________
           3  |              |   4
      in --/--| thermometer 4 >--/-- out
              |______________|

                  binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->     00000        0x0         00
       1    ->     00001        0x1         01
       2    ->     00011        0x3         03
       3    ->     00111        0x7         07
       4    ->     01111        0x0F        15

Documentation in 'Thermometer\4b.net'

     3 TO 4 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node void cell plsnam  <Thermometer/4b.net>  b3..0  in

     where in is in interval [0, 4]

               _______________
           3  |               |   4
      in --/--| thermometer 4b >--/-- b3..b0
              |_______________|

                 binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->     0000        0x0         00
       1    ->     0001        0x1         01
       2    ->     0011        0x3         03
       3    ->     0111        0x7         07
       4    ->     1111        0x0F        15

Documentation in 'Thermometer\8.net'

     4 TO 8 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node out  cell plsnam  <Thermometer/8.net>  in

     where in is in interval [0, 8]

               ______________
           4  |              |   8
      in --/--| thermometer 8 >--/-- out
              |______________|

                    binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->   000000000         0x00       000
       1    ->   000000001         0x01       001
       2    ->   000000011         0x03       003
       3    ->   000000111         0x07       007
       4    ->   000001111         0x0F       015
       5    ->   000011111         0x1F       031
       6    ->   000111111         0x3F       063
       7    ->   001111111         0x7F       127
       8    ->   011111111         0xFF       255

Documentation in 'Thermometer\8b.net'

     4 TO 8 BINARY TO THERMOMETER CODING CONVERTER

     USAGE:  node void cell plsnam  <Thermometer/8b.net>  b7..0  in

     where in is in interval [0, 8]

               _______________
           4  |               |   8
      in --/--| thermometer 8b >--/-- b7..0
              |_______________|

                   binary  hexadecimal   decimal

       0    ->   00000000         0x00       000
       1    ->   00000001         0x01       001
       2    ->   00000011         0x03       003
       3    ->   00000111         0x07       007
       4    ->   00001111         0x0F       015
       5    ->   00011111         0x1F       031
       6    ->   00111111         0x3F       063
       7    ->   01111111         0x7F       127
       8    ->   11111111         0xFF       255

Documentation in 'Toggling\d.net'

     TOGGLING BETWEEN 2 -CONSTANT- ANALOG VALUES

     USAGE:   node out  cell plsnam  <Toggling/d.net>  d1 d2

               _________
              |         |
         d1 --| - --- -  >-- out
              |     /   |
              |    /    |
              |   /     |
         d2 --| -       |
              |_________|

Documentation in 'Toggling\i.net'

     TOGGLING BETWEEN 2 -CONSTANT- DIGITAL VALUES

     USAGE:   node out  cell plsnam  <Toggling/i.net>  i1 i2

               _________
              |         |
         i1 --| - --- -  >-- out
              |     /   |
              |    /    |
              |   /     |
         i2 --| -       |
              |_________|

Documentation in 'Twist\twist.net'

     TWIST 2 WIRES (ANALOG OR DIGITAL)        (CHAMELEONIC)

     USAGE:   node void  cell plsnam  <Twist/twist.net> out1 out0 in1 in0  ctr

       ctr = true       in1 -> out1,  in0 -> out0
       ctr = false       in1 -> out0,  in0 -> out1

                  ctr
               ____|____
              |         |
        in1 --| - -1- -  >-- out1
              |   \ /   |
              |    0    |
              |   / \   |
        in0 --| - -1- -  >-- out0
              |_________|

Documentation in 'Twist\twist_bit.net'

     TWIST 2 BIT WIRES

     USAGE:   node void cell plsnam <Twist/twist_bit.net>  bo1 bo0  bi1 bi0  ctr

       ctr = TRUE        bi1 -> bo1,  bi0 -> bo0
       ctr = FALSE       bi1 -> bo0,  bi0 -> bo1

                 ctr
              ____|____
             |         |
       bi1 --| - -1- -  >-- bo1
             |   \ /   |
             |    0    |
             |   / \   |
       bi0 --| - -1- -  >-- bo0
             |_________|

End